Employee Motivation on Productivity in Organization - 275 Words

Impact of Employee Motivation on Productivity in an Organization using Tesco (Dissertation Sample) Content: IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION USING TESCO AS A CASE STUDYNAME:COURSE:TUTOR:INSTITUTION:DATE:ABSTRACTModern business environment has become complex and hard to operate a business compared to the past because of the rise in competition. Business managers have to navigate through various challenges on a daily basis for them to emerge successful. Current researchers have also shown that the existence of a business is determined by the employees and customers. That requires care in the decision-making of issues affecting the marketing strategies and management of human resource in a business. As such, this research study is based on one of the aspects of human resource management. It focuses on the importance of motivating employees in an organization, a case study based on Tesco. It highlights the importance of employee motivation in the retail sector in the United Kingdom. The background facts that pertain to the investigation of the st udy are first introduced and then examined. Next, a review of the existing literature is conducted. The researcher also considered and analyzed both primary and secondary data. Unfortunately, it was challenging for the researcher to analyze the secondary data. As such, the analysis presented is based on the primary data. The primary data analyzed was collected from 30 employees at Tesco PLC. A questionnaire had been structured appropriately for use in collecting data. Analysis was done by use of statistical data analysis methods and tools. The data analyzed shows that there is a close, strong relationship between the level of motivation of workers and their performance and productivity. In turn, that has a significant impact on the profitability of the organization. The study also shows that the performance of employees drops when they lack motivation or even job satisfaction. It was shown that motivated workers have a higher productivity than workers without motivation. The study a lso proved that employee motivation is important in any organization if efficient and effective performances are to be achieved. Additionally, motivation has a direct impact on productivity of workers. Low or lack of motivation leads to low productivity while high motivation leads to improved performance and productivity of the employees. The study suggests that employee motivation should be distributed evenly so that results can be obtained. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561564"
1.0 INTRODUCTION  PAGEREF _Toc446561564 \h
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1.1 History  PAGEREF _Toc446561565 \h
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1.2 Problem Statement  PAGEREF _Toc446561566 \h
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1.3 Motivation for the Study  PAGEREF _Toc446561567 \h
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1.4 Research Objectives  PAGEREF _Toc446561568 \h
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1.5 Research Questions  PAGEREF _Toc446561 569 \h
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1.6 Significance of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc446561570 \h
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1.7 Organization of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc446561571 \h
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2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW  PAGEREF _Toc446561572 \h
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2.1 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc446561573 \h
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2.2 Theoretical Literature  PAGEREF _Toc446561574 \h
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2.2.1 Definitions of motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561575 \h
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2.2.2 The Concept of motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561576 \h
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2.2.3 Needs and the Expectation at work  PAGEREF _Toc446561577 \h
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2.2.4 Theories of Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561578 \h
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2.2.5 Content Theories  PAGEREF _Toc446561579 \h
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2.2.6 Pro cess Theories  PAGEREF _Toc446561580 \h
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2.3 Work and Need-Satisfaction  PAGEREF _Toc446561581 \h
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3.0METHODOLOGY  PAGEREF _Toc446561582 \h
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3.1 Study design  PAGEREF _Toc446561583 \h
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3.2 Population of the study  PAGEREF _Toc446561584 \h
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3.3 Sampling Technique  PAGEREF _Toc446561585 \h
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3.4 Data Sources  PAGEREF _Toc446561586 \h
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3.5Research Instrument/Data Collection  PAGEREF _Toc446561587 \h
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3.6 Reliability and Validity  PAGEREF _Toc446561588 \h
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3.7 Procedure and Time Frame  PAGEREF _Toc446561589 \h
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3.8Sampling Plan  PAGEREF _Toc446561590 \h
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3.9Analytica l Tools  PAGEREF _Toc446561591 \h
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4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  PAGEREF _Toc446561592 \h
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4.1 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc446561593 \h
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4.2 Bio-Data of Respondents  PAGEREF _Toc446561594 \h
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4.3 Gender  PAGEREF _Toc446561595 \h
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4.4 Opportunities for Advancement  PAGEREF _Toc446561596 \h
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4.5 Discussion  PAGEREF _Toc446561597 \h
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4.5.1 Job Satisfaction for Employees  PAGEREF _Toc446561598 \h
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4.5.2 Factors Responsible for Employee Satisfaction and Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561599 \h
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4.5.3 Types of Employee Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561600 \h
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4.5.4 Employee Motivation to improve Productivity  PAGERE F _Toc446561601 \h
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4.5.5 Factors of Motivation in the Organization  PAGEREF _Toc446561602 \h
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4.5.6 Employee Benefits  PAGEREF _Toc446561603 \h
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4.5.7 Increasing Productivity using Employee Benefits and Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561604 \h
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4.5.8 Other Incentives  PAGEREF _Toc446561605 \h
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4.5.9 Other Motivational Schemes through the eyes of Employees  PAGEREF _Toc446561606 \h
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5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS  PAGEREF _Toc446561607 \h
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5.1 Summary  PAGEREF _Toc446561608 \h
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5.2 Recommendations  PAGEREF _Toc446561609 \h
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5.3 Limitations  PAGEREF _Toc446561610 \h
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5.4 Conclusion  PAGEREF _ Toc446561611 \h
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References  PAGEREF _Toc446561612 \h
481.0 INTRODUCTIONThe current business environment has become chaotic such that any business that dreams of success has to significantly depend on the expertise of its workers. Several theories and practices have been proposed as possible ways of solving the problem, with motivation ranking the top mystery to most managers. It is considered a form of mystery because there are several things and ways that are used to motivate people.It is worth noting that motivate is a derivation from motive, which has a lot to do with influencing the conduct and actions of people. Motives refer to expressions that human beings possess. As such, motivation is defined as a process that is used by managers to understand what measures should be taken to induce employees so that they work diligently and with commitment towards the realization of the organizational goals. It is an aspect of psychological co ncept. It aims at understanding peoples behavior by producing a behavior that is goal-oriented. It also has the aim of ensuring that good results are obtained. The feeling originates from within self and it cannot be borrowed or developed from external sources.Motivation has a significant impact of the productivity and performance at the workplace. Additionally, it is critical in an organization because there is no business that can succeed in running without human resources and workforce. The productivity of an organization is determined by the efficiency and productivity of each employee. High individual and group performance of employees results in excellent productivity and performance of an organization.Motivation aims at ensuring that workers and other individuals in an organization get what they expect the most from their involvement in the business. However, employees who are motivated and satisfied are expected to have high quality of performance and services, as well as p roductivity and profitability of the organization.On the other hand, an employee refers to an individual who serves another as stipulated in their contract. The contract may take various forms such as written, oral, express or implied. The contract gives the employer the exclusive powers of controlling and directing the employee on how to execute tasks as they perform their work.Employee motivation is broadly defined as the aspect that helps in energizing, sustaining, and directing the behavior of human beings. It is critical in an organization because it has significant impact on the performance of an organization. Managers are expected to assess and evaluate the performance of their employees fr...

Questions On The Legal System - 3081 Words

JAWONDEL’S NEW LEGAL SYSTEM By Marlize Nel Miss Johnston Legal 11 – The Legal System 23/03/15 In this report, both Rule of Law and Federation are defined. Additionally the benefits and limitations of the said features are disclosed with recommendations to mitigate limitations for stakeholders. Thorough research was used to comprehensively define the features and discern what the benefits and limitations would be for the stakeholders if the interim government incorporated them into Jawondel’s new legal system. Table of Contents Federalism and Rule of Law 1 Rule of Law 1.1 Federalism 1.2 Benefits of Rule of Law and Federalism 2 Benefits of Rule of Law 2.1 Benefits of Federalism 2.2 Reasoning behind why Rule of Law and Federalism†¦show more content†¦Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives. Jawondel is in the process of transitioning, just like the said countries. Rule of Law and Federalism are central attributes to democracy therefore should definitely be integrated into any democratic legal system; including the one Jawondel wishes to develop. Jawondel is a small nation currently under an interim government until a new government is elected. Jawondel has decided to reform its government from a dictatorship to a democracy. Jawondel’s leaders wish to adopt a model which is similar to the Australian legal system and have asked that a report be prepared on two features that should be integrated into their new legal system. Throughout this report Rule of Law and Federation will be defined, and it will be explained how including them in Jawondelâ₠¬â„¢s legal system will advocate the rights of individuals, certainty, justice and equity. It will also explore and disclose the benefits and limitations of the features, and give recommendations to lessen the limitations. Both features discussed in this report achieve everything Jawondel is looking for. From being a democratic country through to displaying the rights of individuals, equity, justice and certainty. 1.0 Federalism and Rule of Law 1.1 Rule of Law: Rule of Law (also known as

Canadian Old Age Security (OAS) Pension Changes

In Budget 2012, the Canadian federal government formally announced the changes it planned for the Old Age Security (OAS) pension. The major change will be raising the eligibility age for the OAS and related Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) from 65 to 67, beginning April 1, 2023. The change in the age of eligibility will be phased in gradually from 2023 to 2029. The changes will not affect you if you are currently receiving OAS benefits. The change in eligibility for OAS and GIS benefits will also not affect anyone born on April 1, 1958. The government will also be introducing the option for individuals to defer taking up their OAS pension for up to five years. By deferring his/her OAS pension, an individual would receive a higher annual pension starting in a later year. In an effort to improve services, the government will be starting proactive enrolment for the OAS and GIS for eligible seniors. This will be phased in from 2013 to 2016 and should mean that eligible seniors will not need to apply for the OAS and GIS as they do now. What is the OAS? Canadian Old Age Security (OAS) is the single largest program of the Canadian federal government. According to Budget 2012, the OAS program provides approximately $38 billion per year in benefits to 4.9 million individuals. It is now funded from general revenue, although for many years there was such as thing as an OAS Tax. The Canadian Old Age Security (OAS) program is a basic safety net for seniors. It provides a modest monthly payment to seniors 65 years of age and older who meet the Canadian residency requirements. Employment history and retirement status are not factors in the eligibility requirements. Low-income seniors may also qualify for supplemental OAS benefits including the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), the Allowance  and Allowance for the Survivor. The maximum annual basic OAS pension is currently $6,481. Benefits are indexed to the cost of living measured by the Consumer Price Index. OAS benefits are taxable by both federal and provincial governments. The maximum annual GIS benefit is currently $8,788 for single seniors and $11,654 for couples. The GIS is not taxable, although you must report it when you file your Canadian income taxes. The OAS is not automatic. You must apply for the OAS, as well as for the supplemental benefits. Why is the OAS Changing? There are several critical reasons for changes being made to the OAS program. Canadas Aging Population: Demographics are changing. Life expectancy is increasing, and the age group of baby boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964) is huge. The government predicts the number of Canadian seniors will nearly double from 2011 to 2030, from 5 million to 9.4 million. That puts a huge pressure on funding the OAS program, especially when the number of working-age Canadians (who will be paying taxes) per senior is expected to drop from four to two over a similar time frame.Cost: Budget 2012 estimates that the cost of the OAS program without changes would grow from $38 billion in 2011 to $108 billion in 2030. That means the 13 cents of every federal tax dollar being spent on OAS benefits today would become 21 cents for every tax dollar being needed for the program in 2030-31.Flexibility: Allowing seniors to choose to defer taking their OAS pension will provide them with more choice to make decisions appropriate to their own circumstances.Efficiency: The phased-in proact ive enrolment of many seniors in the OAS and GIS programs will not only reduce an unnecessary burden on seniors, it is also a long-overdue administrative change that should save government program costs. When Do the OAS Changes Happen? Here are the time frames for the changes to the OAS: Increasing the Eligible Age for OAS and Supplemental Benefits: These changes begin in April 2023 and are being phased in over six years until January 2029. These charts of OAS changes show the ages by quarter.Voluntary Deferral of OAS Pension: The  voluntary deferral of the OAS option for up to five years begins July 2013.​Proactive Enrolment in OAS and GIS: This will be phased in from 2013 to 2016. Those who are eligible will be notified personally by mail. Those who are not eligible will be sent applications or can pick up applications from Service Canada. You should apply for the OAS at least six months before you turn 65. There will be more information on this option available from Service Canada as it is developed. Questions About Old Age Security If you have questions about the Old Age Security program, I suggest you Check the information on the Old Age Security pension on the Service Canada site​Read the Frequently Asked Questions about the OAS on the Service Canada site. Their contact information is also on that page.

What Truly Defines Someone As A Leader - 1878 Words

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How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans - 1696 Words

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Medieval Europe lasted from the 5th to the 15th century and began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire causing this time to become known as the dark ages because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered. Very few people during this time could read or write and because of a lack of knowledge. Medieval Europeans used their superstitious beliefs to explain the world around them. Because of how Medieval Europe was set up the definition of truth was very general compared to smaller civilizations. In the United States today we have fused other cultures’ definitions of truth into our own and thus make our definition of truth divergent from medieval Europe. AmericanShow MoreRelatedNational Identity Over the Course of Time: Peter Sahlins Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout history have always sought to define who they are as a collective whole. 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Current situation of indian economy free essay sample

The Indian rupee touched record low of 65. 52/dollar on Thursday and is down 16 percent so far this year despite efforts by policymakers to prop it up. The pass-through of the depreciation of the rupee exchange rate by about 11 percent in the four months of 2013-14 is incomplete and will put upward pressure as it continues to feed through to domestic prices, the RBI said in its annual report for the 2012-13 fiscal year ending last March. Asias third-largest economy has been pummelled by a selloff in emerging markets; with the rupee the worst performer in Asia this year after the U. S. Federal Reserve indicated it will begin winding down its economic stimulus. Headline wholesale price index inflation climbed to 5. 79 percent in July driven primarily by higher food prices and costlier imports as the rupees fall continued. Consumer price index inflation was 9. 64 percent in July, fuelled by high food prices. Risks on the inflation front are still significant, the RBI said. The rupees weakness could also increase subsidy payouts for fuel and fertiliser in 2013/14, the central bank said. However, the report said normal monsoon rains in India have taken a major risk off the horizon but said a close vigil was necessary after food prices showed an upsurge during April to July. If high food inflation persists into the second half of 2013-14, the risks of generalised inflation could become large, it said. Indias current account gap, which widened to a record high of 4.8 percent of GDP in the fiscal year to March 2013, is likely to ease in the current fiscal year but may continue to be much above the sustainable level, the report said. Global risks coupled with domestic structural impediments have dampened prospects of a recovery in 2013-14, and posed immediate challenges for compressing the current account deficit, it said. The central banks report added that utmost attention is needed to contain risks to financial stability arising from deteriorating asset quality of banks. The India of 2013 is not the India of 1991 There are ways of looking at India’s present economic woes marked by a rapid fall in the value of the rupee caused by persistent inflation of the past few years and the high current account deficit (CAD) of about $85 billion (4. 5 per cent of GDP) which needs to be funded through uncertain capital inflows year after year. The description of the present crisis by various economic and political analysts by itself tends to carry shades of ideological bias. Some well known economists on the far right prefer to describe the external sector situation as worse than the 1991 economic crisis India had faced. This narrative suggests the 1991 crisis was marked by a severe, external sector crunch and it acted as a trigger for the big bang reforms of the early 1990s. This section believes that the present crisis may be worse than that of 1991 but the government this time round is much more complacent, and less inclined to implement drastic reforms to revive growth. Then and now Of course, not everyone agrees with the narrative that the India of 2013 is worse than it was in 1991. Actually it is not. And more of the same kind of reforms is perhaps not the answer either. The world was very different in 1991 when western economies were still strong and looking outward, trying to deepen the process of economic globalisation. Today, major OECD economies are looking much more inward than before, trying to fix their own domestic economy and polity. Emerging economies like India, which managed to avoid until 2011 the negative impact of the global financial crisis, began to dramatically slowdown after 2011. Most of the BRICS economies have lost over four per cent off their peak GDP growth rates experienced until 2010. After 2010, excess global liquidity flowing from the West, the consequent high international oil and commodity prices fed seamlessly into India’s domestic mismanagement of the supply of key resources such as land, coal, iron ore and critical food items to create a potent cocktail of high inflation and low growth, and a bulging CAD. The key difference between 1991 and 2013 is the availability of global financial flows. In 1991, western finance capital had not significantly penetrated India. Now, a substantial part of western capital is tied to India and other emerging economies where OECD companies have developed a long-term stake. The broader logic of the global capital movement is that it will seamlessly move to every nook and corner of the world where unexploited factors of production exist and there is scope to homogenize the modes of production and consumption in a global template. This relentless process may indeed gather steam after the United States shows further signs of recovery. Indeed, some experienced watchers of the global economic scene have said that a recovery in the U. S. will eventually be beneficial for the emerging economies. This basic logic will sink into the financial markets in due course. At present, the prospect of the U. S. Federal Reserve withdrawing some of the liquidity it had poured into the global marketplace is causing emerging market currencies to sharply depreciate. In a sense, the depreciation of 15 to 20 per cent this year of the currencies in Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, Indonesia and India can be seen partially as a knee-jerk reaction to the smart recovery of the housing market in the U. S. and the consequent prospect of the Federal Reserve gradually unwinding its ongoing $40 billion a month support to mortgage bonds over the next year or so. But eventually, a fuller recovery in the U. S. will mean better economic health globally. Besides, some tapering of liquidity by the U. S. Federal Reserve is inevitable as such an unconventional monetary policy cannot last forever. The U. S. Federal Reserve balance sheet was roughly $890 billion in 2007. It has ballooned to a little over $3 trillion today simply by printing more dollars. Such massive liquidity injection by printing dollars in such a short period is probably unprecedented in American history. This is also unsustainable because sooner rather than later, such excess liquidity could send both inflation and interest rates shooting up in the U. S. — which again may not be good for the rest of the financially connected world. So what should India learn from the current situation? One, it needs to understand that cheap, finance capital flowing in from the West is a double-edged weapon. If not used judiciously to enhance productivity in the domestic economy, such finance will tend to become an external debt trap. This lesson is as important for the government as it is for the Indian capitalist class which has shown a tendency to use cheap finance and scarce resources such as spectrum, coal, land and iron ore to play stock market games in collusion with the political class. Of course, this is a systemic issue and needs to be addressed at the level of electoral funding reform. Indeed, this is more important than â€Å"fresh economic reforms† that blinkered economists advocate. India Inflation Rate The inflation rate in India was recorded at 5. 79 percent in July of 2013. Inflation Rate in India is reported by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. India Inflation Rate averaged 7. 72 Percent from 1969 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 34. 68 Percent in September of 1974 and a record low of -11. 31 Percent in May of 1976. In India, the wholesale price index (WPI) is the main measure of inflation. The WPI measures the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. In India, wholesale price index is divided into three groups: Primary Articles (20. 1 percent of total weight), Fuel and Power (14. 9 percent) and Manufactured Products (65 percent). Food Articles from the Primary Articles Group account for 14. 3 percent of the total weight. The most important components of the Manufactured Products Group are Chemicals and Chemical products (12 percent of the total weight); Basic Metals, Alloys and Metal Products (10. 8 percent); Machinery and Machine Tools (8. 9 percent); Textiles (7. 3 percent) and Transport, Equipment and Parts (5. 2 percent). This page contains India Inflation Rate actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. 2013-09-01 INDIAN INFLATION RISES TO 5-MONTH HIGH IN JULY In July, Indias headline inflation rate, based on monthly WPI, rose to 5. 79 percent from 4.86 percent in June, mainly driven by higher food prices and more expensive imports due to a falling rupee. The of food rose by 3. 4 percent due to higher price of fruits and vegetable (11 percent) , rice (5 percent) and fish(5 percent). Energy prices were up 3. 0 percent due to higher price of furnace oil, aviation turbine fuel, petrol and bitumen (7 percent each) and high speed diesel (3 percent). Manufactured goods prices rose 0. 6 percent. Build up inflation rate in the financial year so far was 3. 12 percent compared to a build up rate of 2. 98 percent in the corresponding period of the previous year.

In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion Essay Example For Students

In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion Essay In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion, and how successful are the results? You will need to include discussion of two examples. By likeability 1. What is surrealism? Surrealism is destructive, but it destroys only what it considers to be shackles limiting our vision. Young Night Thoughts are surrealist from cover to cover. Unfortunately, it is a priest who speaks; a bad priest, to be sure, yet a priest. Heraclites is surrealist in dialectic. Lully is surrealist in definition. Flame is surrealist in the night of gold. Swift is surrealist in malice. Shade is surrealist in sadism. Carrier is surrealist in drowning. Monk Lewis is surrealist in the beauty of evil. Chin von Arming is surrealist absolutely; in space and time Rabble is surrealist in death. Baudelaire is surrealist in morals. Rumbaed is surrealist in life and elsewhere. Harvey Saint-Deny is surrealist in the directed dream. Carroll is surrealist in nonsense. Husband is surrealist in pessimism. Serrate is surrealist in design. Picasso is surrealist in cubism. Bach © is surrealist in me. Rousseau is surrealist in anecdote (And © Breton, 1934, A lecture given in Brussels on 1st June 1934 at a public meeting regained by the Belgian Surrealists, http://home. Lb. AC. UK) Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of previously neglected association, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinterested play of thought. -Andre Breton In the sass, the world was going through one of its all time IoW phases. There was war, or worse, the fear of war, the artists who had been scattered as the result, (who were ea rlier based in Paris of other cities) became of the mindset that it was the overly rational thinking, the so called high rationale of human mind that had brought upon this war. This resulted in an inspired thought that led to a revolution. Thus the idea to follow the unconscious mind arrived, no matter how bizarre its ideas may seem. The word Surrealism was invented in 1917 by Gallinule Billionaire, and adopted by fellow French poet, And © Breton, in 1924 to describe a radical movement of artists and writers, who drew on their subconscious to depict a heightened or super-real vision of the world. (The Surrealist comeback in design, Alice Rawson, The New York times, March 25, 2007) Perhaps this is a little hard to understand, but one of the best examples to describe owe a surrealist thinks is a Salvador Dali quote; when asked do you take drugs, he answered, to the interviewers bewilderment, l do not take drugs. I am drugs. The man who commercialese the surreal Salvador Dali Salvador Dali needs no introduction to anyone who has even remotely studied art. Not only was Dali a tremendously gifted painter, but also a designer, photographer, thinker and an ext raordinary witty writer. His autobiography The secret life of Salvador Dali gives a very good insight into his thought process and his ideas. He was one of the first artists who brought the idea of surrealism from paper (And © Breton was a poet) to the visual arts, thus making it commercial and marketable. According to many, the idea of making surrealist art commercial was against the idea of surrealism. But as the history goes, the artists who had surrealist themes were very successful in the later sasss. The surrealist ideas were incorporated into fashion when Salvador Dali famously collaborated with the Italian designer Else Capillaries. The collection consisted of Lobster Dress Lobster Dress was a simple white silk evening dress with a crimson waistband featuring a large lobster painted (by Dali) onto the skirt. Tears Dress The Tears Dress, a slender pale blue evening gown printed with a Dali design of tromped Leila rips and tears, worn with a thigh-length veil with real tears carefully cut out and lined in pink and magenta. Skeleton dress skeleton dress was a stark black crepe dress which used transport quilting to create padded ribs, spine, and leg bones. Shoe hat the shoe hats were a particular sensation, hats that were the underside of heels on the top. Before Salvador Dali, many artists had already put forward surrealist works, and though not many are worthy of being mentioned in the name breath as Dali, some of the noticeable ones are Giorgio De Chorizo (1888-1978) Cho rizos early paintings were perhaps a vital key in the development of the surrealist style of painting. Characterized by images of empty town squares, suspended corridors and macabre ghost town like depictions of streets and town squares looked like his imagination of a post war era and were full of a sort of haunting loneliness and grim. Cluttered with puzzling objects, such as clocks, giant statues and distant trains, and often featuring deep, dramatic perspectives, De Chorizos paintings left an indelible mark on Breton and numerous other future Surrealists. Among his works from this early Metaphysical period are The Enigma of the Arrival and the Afternoon (1912), The Anxious Journey (1913), The Nostalgia of the Infinite (1913), Mystery and Melancholy of a Street (1914) and The Childs Brain (1914). By the time of the first Manifesto of Surrealism, De Chorizo had moved on to a far more classical approach, much to the chagrin of Breton. He participated in Surrealist activities up to 1925, contributing to the periodicals Lilt ©return and La R ©volition Sour ©aliases, as well as eater writing a Surrealist novel Hobbyhorses in 1929. Rene © Francis Emigrate Some people say that it was the haunting memory of his mother who committed suicide when he was 14 years old. It is said that he witnessed her face covered by her dress as she was pulled out of the water (she committed suicide by throwing herself in a nearby river) the haunting symbolism remained an inspiration for him, even for his famous work Less Aments. Let us come back to the point in history when the surrealist movement that And © Breton had started as a rebellion for poets had captured the minds of designers and as successfully incorporated into fashion by a crazy Spaniard. Pablo picasso and marcel duchamp EssayPerhaps the most famous of his famous surrealist works are his signature high heels. Macaque, 40 at the time of his death can be labeled the most famous and the best example of designers inspired by surrealism in their work. Viviane Westwood Dame Viviane Westwood popularity constantly gains momentum. Her punk attitude is more alive in the Naughtiest than ever and her outspoken, Union Jack waving Englishmen (with a few added safety pins and tea stains), is undiminished. It is fitting that the Establishment has recognized her work by making her a Dame. Viviane Westwood fashions older stateswoman that many wish to emulate, with her younger husband Andrea Chronicler and energy for shaking things up whilst keeping her feet on the ground seems to only recruit admirers. Cutting edge but lassie, she is unflinchingly rooted in what matters, whether it is human rights or classical fiction. No trendy noise for her, Just cleavage, mischief, and CAPITAL LETTER MESSAGES such as sasss l AM NOT A TERRORIST, please dont arrest me baby -r- shirts. Her first catwalk show was presented in 1981, featuring the collaboration of Westwood and McAllen. The theme that year was Pirates. Subsequent Westwood theme titles in the early years included Savage (1982), Buffalo Girls (Autumn/Winter 1982-83) and Clint Eastward, (Autumn-Winter 1984-85) under the Worlds Ends Label he stopped producing the line in 1985 to concentrate on her Viviane Westwood Lines. Viviane Westwood says (Sometimes you need to transport your idea to an empty landscape and then populate it with fantastic looking people. ). She dubbed the period 1981 to 1985 New romantic and 1988-1991 The Pagan Years during which Viennese heroes changed from punks and ragamuffins to Taller girls wearing clothes that parodied the upper class. The period from 1993 to 1999 she called Megalomania and from 2000 to the present Exploration (vogue, 2007) Viviane Westwood has always been a fan of surrealist work and is herself a punk. It is also a known fact that her ex husband was the manager of the sex pistols and they were also associated with surrealism in music. The future of surrealism in fashion upcoming designers s uch as Yang Du Surrealist fashion designer Yang Du established her brand Yang Du in London in 09 after studying in the central Saint Martins College of art and design, and working for designers such as Viviane Westwood, John Gilligan, and Giles Deacon. It is evident in her work that she is a former artist and a fan of surrealism and impressionism. Her work is ultra hip, very colorful and can be seen as a mix of post modern and impressionist. She is especially fond of animal prints, painting animal faces on dresses, and using models with vivid makeup although a notch less vivid than Alexander Macaque. Unlike most surrealists Yang Duds inspirations are less controversial. She stated that she gets her inspirations from her travels. These have included India and Ecuador. Her latest design includes a cactus hat that has actual spines in the top. In the new winter collection, the colors were pastel with animal prints along the dress line. When asked about her design ideology in an interview, she said My ideology I am ere open-minded to new things, and mostly, look at things from a very different angle. I often go on trips, where I take lots of photos and meet lots of people. When I come back to London, I always have so much in my mind, some of them like stories which I really want to share through the clothes I design. (Amelias magazine, 2009) Surrealism in fashion photography Although surrealism is apparent in fashion, it is even more so in fashion photography. It would be almost worthless for a designer to create a design which looked surreal if the photographer couldnt capture the thought of the designer. Fashion photography thus can be called as a way to express surrealism in fashion. Also fashion photography can be used to make a normal collection surreal. One of the authors best photographers is Toshiba Canoe who in her career (1950-1960) made hundreds of collages, and quit the profession after married. Her photography is inspired by surrealist painters such as Giorgio De Chorizo, Max Ernst, Joan Mir ¶, and Francis Pica. It is apparent that she did all her work from an out of the world prospective which is one of the reasons that her pictures though surreal look very believable, and honest. Some of her famous works are the horse and the bride in the sea and the bride on the door. Conclusion The surrealist movement changed many aspects of art. No other visual art was the same after the surrealist movement. Surrealism is that form of art which believes in anything that the subconscious mind can conjure up. It is the way of life for great minds like Salvador Dali who dreamed more than they breathed. In the fashion industry, it was a huge step when Salvador Dali collaborated with Capillaries not only because it lead to two of the most talented minds of the generation to come soother, but also because it opened the door for surrealist art to come in the field of fashion and blossom. And so it did. The careers of Alexander Macaque and Viviane Westwood are a testimony to this fact. And as for the future, the designers like Yang Du are taking forward the legacy and continue to inspire the people with their surreal work that one knows to be untrue but is still forced to think twice. And that is the beauty of the surreal art. It may be argued that the surreal art like most others will one day be obsolete and out of fashion but it is also ever changing.