The Failure of the 1848 Revolution Free Essays

The upset of 1848 was one of the loud and ridiculous one and spread practically allover the Europe. There were three significant purposes behind the 1848; monetary emergency, the development of liberal political movement and the inclination to one side. France was the one of the nations that broke out from the progressive battling. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Failure of the 1848 Revolution or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now This article will give data about the 1848 transformation and its disappointment. The 1848 upset was more wide and horrible than the 1830 unrest as it has incorporates battles between old with new and furthermore new with new. The 1848 developments initially emerged in France as after the 1830 developments, communism was picking up power; the republic supporters were increment, subsequently society influenced by polarization. Vote based structure was required so as to adjust the polarization though a confusion was control the general public in view of the difficult work conditions and financial emergency. â€Å"The year 1846 saw an extreme starvation Europe’s last genuine food emergency. Absence of grain drove up food and different costs while compensation stayed stale, along these lines diminishing purchaser demand.With buyers purchasing fewer and fewer, benefits plunged, constraining a large number of mechanical specialists out of their employments. High joblessness joined with significant expenses started the liberal revolt. † The year1848 was a timeframe set apart by a reasonably liberal state which was controlled for the most part by the informed tip top which significantly put the cente r and common laborers down and out. Under the extreme states of the year 1848, the white collar class and bourgeoisie requested; the option to cast a ballot, the expansion of the political veins and the ability to speak freely and thought.However, the ruler Louis-Philippe had not compassion. On 18 February 1848, French revolutionists chose to gathering a gathering in France, be that as it may, the legislature was dropped it one preceding from its date and as an answer working class poured to the roads. Because of non-concealment of the white collar class by the military powers, government had no real option except to arrange, notwithstanding, even that penance didn't sufficient for the revolutionist and the renegade was extended. Lord Louis-Philippe fled to England and the demonstrators announced the Second Republic on February 24th.However, that didn't relieved the emergency and joblessness even made it most exceedingly awful. Under those conditions, the quest for past and authority was happened and France was gradual ly drawing near to right once more. Through the yearning of the name Napoleon, his cousin Louis Napoleon came out and won the decisions with caused a birth of a realm under the pretense of republic which might be considered as the consequence of the 1848 upheaval; â€Å"abolishment of monarchy†. Following, complaints again emerged from â€Å"French Left† which was quickly suppressed.In some time, in 1852, Louis Napoleon to call himself as ruler and set up a two wings get together which was anonymous fascism of Napoleon third. The time of 1848-1852 is a time of discretionary implementations, inappropriate individual benefits and desire of extravagance. That is one reason that the 1848 unrests was a disappointment. The 1848 with its primary highlights could be acknowledged as disappointment which is identified with ruthless of revolutionist; greater part of society were satisfied the finish of the 1848 with accomplishment of peace.In expansion to that, the 1848 was not fruitful for revolutionist, in any cas e, that would acknowledged as loss of intensity for the traditional; Metternich was not in control in Austria, Hungarian rebellions†¦ and so on. The insurgencies likely bombed because of sloppiness. In Austria, for instance, the rebellions in Prague, Vienna, and Budapest kept up no correspondence among them, permitting the Austrian armed force to go to each in disengagement, without a unified front. At long last, the arrival of traditionalist and traditionalist powers was presumably because of the center class.Another motivation behind why the insurgencies fizzled was on the grounds that moderate dissidents of the white collar class dreaded the radicalism of the laborers, forestalling any sort of enduring coalition. In this way, when radicals assumed responsibility for the unrests in Paris and in Eastern Europe, the white collar class nonconformists turned their backs, leaning toward outright principle and peace, to the vulnerability of radical revolution.REFFERENCES - Encyclopedia of Revolutions of 1848, 1 November 2005, http://www. ohio. edu/chastain/introduc. htm - French Revolution of 1848, 17 December 2010, http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848 Step by step instructions to refer to The Failure of the 1848 Revolution, Papers

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections.6 Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections.6 - Research Paper Example Being an informal organization, use of online networking has spread with a high force as a result of social interconnectivity that joins companions and family members. The Diffusion of development hypothesis clarifies the pattern that the online networking has embraced and offers a reason for guaging its future direction. As indicated by the hypothesis, innovation picks up prevalence and orders the society’s consideration until when such consideration blurs. Rogers, the theory’s engineer, proposed four phases that are anticipated from the online life, and its consequences for US races, later on. The primary phase of the model includes appropriation by a little segment of the general public, trailblazers, who are eager to wander the advancement following its turn of events. The populace segment grasps potential dangers that may dishearten others. Following the innovators’ activity is the appropriation of an innovation by early adopters whose populace is higher tha n that of trailblazers. The populace fragment recognizes pioneers who needn't bother with influence into a technology’s application and are adaptable to executing advancements. A bigger level of the populace into a development is the early dominant part who depends on proof of the technology’s impacts before appropriation and a roughly equal extent, the late larger part, tails them. New clients of the development at that point lessen as the model gets into the laggards’ stage (Boston University 1; Baran and Davis 282). The model along these lines offers an understanding into the conceivable pattern and impacts of the web based life in the United States and two points of view apply. In the event that the individuals who embrace the web based life innovation at its prior stages proceed with its application then a total effect can be inferred after some time in light of the fact that the web-based social networking will have a ceaselessly growing crowd. This anyway distinguishes the job of deciding the media’s capacity to hold clients. Set up pace of users’ maintenance likewise offers a reason for understanding pattern of utilization and information on the present phase of the advancement, in light of the Diffusion of Innovation hypothesis. The model’s changeability with time would then be able to offer knowledge into the future impacts of online networking on the decisions. The hypothesis further recommends an innovation’s impact of decreasing old media frames as the general public receives another media application (Boston University 1). Shaw’s bend of the old media likewise offers a reason for understanding the pattern as a result of the internet based life on US decisions. Like in the dissemination hypothesis, Shaw clarifies that an advancement picks up ubiquity until a most extreme degree of crowd before the number begins to decrease and the ideal opportunity for the cycle relies upon the extent of a pr evious development or a recently evolved development. Advancement of a superior development may for instance encourage the cycle as the general public moves to work the new turn of events. These ideas in this way offers the reason for understanding potential patterns of the impact of web based life on the decisions that can be estimated with information on past advancements and hypotheses of improvement of new applications for mass correspondence. Existing information over web utilize that shows high rates recommends that utilization of the web-based social networking for correspondence is in cutting edge phases of the dispersion hypothesis model. Application past 60 percent of the grown-up populace shows plausibility of a late greater part stage

The importance of authenticity in cultural tourism Essay

The significance of validness in social the travel industry - Essay Example The threat presented by social the travel industry is that culture might be lost. This is on the grounds that the way of life of the vacationers and the way of life of the locals may become blended, and there is no realness left. As per the perspective on the individuals who coin the term â€Å"hyper-reality,† the outcome is that the qualification among inauthenticity and genuineness are fell. Thusly, realness is lost, and re-imagined by another worldview that incorporates the blending of traveler culture. This is clearly adverse to the local populaces, whose culture and customs have been passed down starting with one age then onto the next, and have a significant enthusiasm for keeping their way of life alive. Another peril is that local individuals might be abused through inauthentic social shows. A genuine case of this is the Maasai individuals who were in plain view at a Kenyan farm possessed by a rich Briton. The Maasai individuals put on an act for the well off guests, and lived in mud hovels on the property. They were not permitted to communicate, and they were treated as one would treat creatures in the zoo †carefully for show and diversion. While the affluent British individuals who saw this scene amiably applaud, the Maasai are being generalized and mortified. This is obviously the incorrect approach to social the travel industry. Then again, intelligent encounters, where travelers drench themselves in local culture, is credible and permits locals to show their way of life with satisfaction. Other bona fide presentations of local customs, for example, the Balinese, who perform ceremonies not for the diversion of the individuals however for the love of their divine beings, is another acceptable path for the locals to hold their way of life while showing vacationers the equivalent. This paper will investigate the hypotheses behind social presentations, why validness is significant, what obstructions there are to credibility, and will make a proposal dependent on these discoveries. A hypothetical conversation of realness and culture in the travel industry Authenticity in culture the travel industry happens on an assortment of planes and is affected by an assortment of things. Wang et al. (1999) places that realness in social the travel industry is mind boggling. The purpose behind the intricacy is on the grounds that genuineness might be either characterized as target, useful or existential. Target realness originates from the capacity to pass judgment on credibility in a goal way. Along these lines, regardless of whether the voyagers feel that something is valid, it might by the by be inauthentic in the event that it is equitably decided to be so. Valuabl e genuineness, then again, implies that items are decided to be valid by moving norms, as indicated by power structures, perspectives, convictions or points of view. In this way, useful genuineness can't be equitably estimated, as it is a relative norm, relevantly decided and ever-developing (Wang et al., 1999, p. 351). Besides, social legacy might be politicized, in that legacy may characterized or re-characterized to serve national needs. Such is the situation in China, and this adds to valuable credibility too (Sofield and Li, 1998, p. 364). The third way that credibility is characterized, as per Wang et al. (1999) is existentially. This implies the individual feels self-completed while seeing these social things, and, fundamentally, the

American Wedding Essay

In the United States, the customary western wedding custom is the lady of the hour ordinarily wears a white dress and a shroud to cover her face. She conveys a bunch of roses and as a rule has something old (like a grandmas neckband) something new (her dress) something obtained (jewlery or a cloth) and something blue (a supporter or clothing item).It is a long standing custom and it thought about good karma for the lady of the hour. The lady of the hour and man of the hour don't see each other the prior night and up to the wedding service. The lady of the hour normally has bridesmaids and the man of the hour has groomsmen †the quantity of bridesmaids/groomsmen is up to the couple. I would state most wedding have around 4-5 bridesmaid . The service typically happens in chapel or in a sanctuary. It starts with the bridesmaids and groomsmen walk down the aisle,and then followed by the ringbearer and flowergirl, at that point the lady of the hour is accompanied down the path by her dad. After the priest/cleric gives a short discourse about the significance of marriage, the couple at that point says pledges to each other (might be conventional or composed all alone) and trade rings. The couple is articulated man and spouse, have their first â€Å"married kiss† and afterward continue down the path. (The conventional service itself is regularly directed by a strict pioneer known to the lady or potentially the man of the hour. The function may incorporate marital promises composed by the lady and the husband to be, in which they discuss their affection and their longing to make their accomplice protected, upbeat and secure, and to be dedicated to their accomplice and their accomplice alone for the remainder of their lives. ) A gathering is generally held after the service. After supper, the couple cuts the cake with the goal that it might be served to visitors during the extraordinary moves, has their first move and afterward other unique moves (father-of-the-lady/lady of the hour, mother-of-the-groom/groom, marriage party) happen. At that point the move floor is open for all visitors to appreciate. A couple of hours after the fact the lucky man expels the bride’s tie and plays out the strap hurl to all the single men. At that point the lady of the hour tosses her bunch to the single women.

5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis - Proofed

5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis - Proofed 5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis When composing your proposition, the way toward dissecting information and working with measurements can be quite hard from the start. This is genuine whether you’re utilizing particular information examination programming, as SPSS, or an increasingly elucidating approach. In any case, there are a couple of rules you can follow to make things less difficult. 1. Pick the Best Analytical Method for Your Project The sheer assortment of methods accessible for information examination can be befuddling! On the off chance that you are composing a thesisâ on web showcasing, for example, your way to deal with investigation will be totally different to somebody expounding on organic chemistry. As such it is essential to embrace a methodology proper to your exploration. 2. Twofold Check Your Methodology In the event that you are working with quantitative information, it is imperative to ensure that your expository strategies are perfect with the techniques used to assemble your information. Having an away from of what you have done as such far will guarantee that you accomplish exact outcomes. For example, when performing factual investigation, you may need to pick among parametric and non-parametric testing. On the off chance that your information is inspected from a populace with an extensively Gaussian (i.e., ordinary) conveyance, you will quite often need to utilize some type of non-parametric testing. Yet, in the event that you can’t recall or aren’t sure how you chose your example, you won’t fundamentally realize the best test to utilize! 3. Acclimate Yourself with Statistical Analysis and Analytical Software On account of different sharp PC programs, you no longer must be a math virtuoso to direct top-grade factual investigation. By and by, learning the nuts and bolts will assist you with settling on educated decisions when planning your exploration and keep you from committing essential errors. Similarly, evaluating distinctive programming bundles will permit you to pick the one most appropriate to your necessities on your present task. 4. Present Your Data Clearly and Consistently This is perhaps one of the most significant pieces of reviewing your outcomes. Regardless of whether your information and insights are great, inability to introduce your examination unmistakably will make it hard for your peruser to follow. Ask yourself how your examination would look to somebody new to your undertaking. On the off chance that they would have the option to comprehend your investigation, you’re in good shape! 5. Make It Relevant! At long last, recollect that information investigation is about something other than introducing your information. You ought to likewise relate your examination back to your exploration targets, talking about its importance and defending your translations. This will guarantee that your work is anything but difficult to follow and show your comprehension of the techniques utilized. So regardless of what you are expounding on, the examination is an incredible time to flaunt how cunning you are!

Leadership and Management of Strategic Change - 4675 Words

Leadership and Management of Strategic Change (Essay Sample) Content: Leadership and Management of Strategic Change Name Institution Leadership and Management of Strategic Change Executive Summary Strategic leaders principle aims is to lead organizations on a planned ground where they pursue to attain institutional objectives by generating and revitalizing organization systems towards accomplishment of the visions in the firm. These individuals stand out from their followers by displaying unique features that support their call. However, Managers and leaders in the business industry are frequently confronted by forces that keep on changing within as well as around the organization and therefore must respond to these changes. Adapting to these changes will help the managers to uphold their positions in the market and continue to build a competitive lead. Some scholars uphold that organizations are influenced by a number of various factors both from internal as well as the external atmospheres. Visionary leaders are classified as charismatic with the capability to revitalize individuals by building commitment, resourcefulness as well as enthusiasm among the staff. Instrumental leaders on the contrary focus more energy on establishing systems as well as controlling the firm events. These leaders are more interested in ensuring strategic goals are met by spearheading operations. Business environments therefore need a wide variety of leadership technique because of the effect coming from the differing and dynamic powers surrounding the firm. However, a number of scholars argue that external forces that exist within the organization can greatly influence the decision made in a firm. The recognition of change as a process with step-by step movement by the managers is an important stride towards establishing a strategic change program. Therefore, for managers to implement change successfully, they need to understand the driving forces and the subject of different change programs at an early phase of the life-cycle. Change is a process that involves complexity of several systems and environment. The process is very complex because of the interruption of a number of business systems. Therefore, for change to take place the external surrounding plays a key impelling factor. However, the external factors are depicted as hazardous, unfriendly as well as threatening the survival and future being of the groups. The major driving force of change are mergers and acquisitions, invention, technology, sense of urgency and decline in projections. Current analysis of strategic leadership at the topmost level of management advances from the traditional approaches in four major imperative ways associated to the pluralistic as well as the dynamic background. First strategic leadership is assessed as a collective phenomenon to which separate individuals can contribute in differing ways. Secondly, strategic leadership is assessed at processual standpoint in which the main focus is concentrated on the activities of the individuals who are in leadership positions than concentrating on the demographics or perception. Thirdly leadership is seen as a dynamic phenomenon where participants, effects as well as the responsibilities change over time. Lastly, strategic leadership is assessed from a supraorganizational phenomenon where leadership influences and responsibilities on them could spread past crucial institutional boundaries. An approach to leadership is situational phenomenon since it is the situation which determines who will emerge as the leader and what leadership style one is to adopt. Edvinsson (2002) stated that leading an institution in an unstable and indefinite surrounding is clearly different from leading an orderly hierarchical firm. Organizations are multifaceted systems composed of people such that any transformation involvement needs to be addressed precisely. Some change initiatives fail, not because the individuals involved in initiating the change do not see the realities faced by people who are affected by the adjustments. Organizations are therefore, threatened with need for transformation in their everyday operations. Abstract Leadership is an idea that over a long period of time was analysed by scholars from a number of different standpoints. Some scholars refer to human relationships that are recognized under leadership whereas others emphasis on management as a process. The article analyses the development of the leadership concept, the dissimilarity between management and leadership as well as the bottle-necks facing the management process amid public institutions. The article also aims at giving an understanding of certainty of social service organizations, implementation level of strategic planning and the impact of the solicitations on every institutional efficiency. Strategic planning is an important strategic management tool and one of the major aims is making organizations more efficient. The impact of leadership and management change strategy on institutional culture is also explored. After thorough scrutiny of organizational culture, the responsibility of leader is discussed. The article also explores the need of strategic leadership to be transformational one if it has to serve the institution and survive competition. Changing a culture in an organization is an extensive undertaking such that all of the organizational tools for changing the minds will be required. In order to adequately manage and change corporate culture in an institution an individual has to be able to outline as well as pinpointing what one is trying to modify. The evidence in this article explains relationship of leadership with organizational culture. The present business environment is extremely dynamic because of a number of forces which interact with each other to affect institutions. Organizations retort to these alterations occasioning change platform which will impact the whole firms as a system. The article appreciates strategic leadership as vital for the success of schedules as it channel all capitals of the institution towards a collective goal by encouraging personnel to attain a desired mutual vision and mission. Introduction Strategic leadership has become a key tool in the general achievement of institutional success. The concept allows organizational structures to operate together towards the success of the overall strategic intent put in place. Most researchers on quality have approved the role of leadership and commitment needed to achieve an excellence program. Managers therefore, should acquire the art of strategic leadership since the modern firms operate in vibrant environments that will ever keep on changing. Managers and leaders in the business industry are frequently confronted by forces that keep on changing within as well as around the organization and therefore must respond to these changes. Adapting to these changes will help the managers to uphold their positions in the market and continue building a competitive lead. Some scholars uphold that organizations are influenced by a number of various factors both from internal and external atmospheres. With the alterations having all institution systems, there must be agents that oversee and attract all stakeholders to pay attention on attaining the strategic goal. Strategic leadership is therefore defined as the manager's possibility of expressing a strategic revelation for the firm or a team as well as motivating and convincing others to follow the dream. Strategic leaders must provide help to the group of individuals to accomplish its objectives through full exploitation of abilities of resources at their disposal. However, change leaders are threatened by various encounters of managing every organization's resources during change period. Current research on strategic revolution has developed along two distinctive lines: Strategic change initiation and performance repercussions of strategic adjustment. The former means changes in the subject, range of organization's prevailing strategies in reaction to environmental modifications, including initial activities as knowledge of need to transform is designed and decision to create change is ready. However, various process studies have highlighted that performance impacts of strategic change are tangled to premeditated reform application. These comprise supportive variations in configurations, communication as well as motivation processes to undertake and accomplish the initiated strategic alterations. However, more or less changes transpire hastily whereas others will develop progressively suggesting that pace of change largely depend on the condition. Strategic management classical accepts that a change in the firm could be apprehended by one or more goals. Moreover, a change-process can entail several changes concurrently. The effect of this change-process will require managers as well as leaders to be effectively furnished to cope with change process of such kind and related to other institution systems that originates with it. Therefore, the article explores strategic leaders as change facilitators and how they manage administrative resources to accomplish strategic revelation. Finally, conclusion as well as recommendations are made based on the topic of discussion at the end of the article. Strategic Leaders as Change Facilitators Strategic leaders principle intentions is to lead organizations on a planned ground where they pursue to attain institutional goals by generating as well as revitalizing organization systems towards accomplishment of the visions in the firm. These individuals stand out from their followers by displaying unique features that support their call (Riwo-Abudho et al., 2012, p.50). A study carried out by Drawing on a number of firms among the 500 largest US manufacturers and draws the behaviour distinguishing the most prosperous CEOs. These are seen as being visio...

Employee Motivation on Productivity in Organization - 275 Words

Impact of Employee Motivation on Productivity in an Organization using Tesco (Dissertation Sample) Content: IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION USING TESCO AS A CASE STUDYNAME:COURSE:TUTOR:INSTITUTION:DATE:ABSTRACTModern business environment has become complex and hard to operate a business compared to the past because of the rise in competition. Business managers have to navigate through various challenges on a daily basis for them to emerge successful. Current researchers have also shown that the existence of a business is determined by the employees and customers. That requires care in the decision-making of issues affecting the marketing strategies and management of human resource in a business. As such, this research study is based on one of the aspects of human resource management. It focuses on the importance of motivating employees in an organization, a case study based on Tesco. It highlights the importance of employee motivation in the retail sector in the United Kingdom. The background facts that pertain to the investigation of the st udy are first introduced and then examined. Next, a review of the existing literature is conducted. The researcher also considered and analyzed both primary and secondary data. Unfortunately, it was challenging for the researcher to analyze the secondary data. As such, the analysis presented is based on the primary data. The primary data analyzed was collected from 30 employees at Tesco PLC. A questionnaire had been structured appropriately for use in collecting data. Analysis was done by use of statistical data analysis methods and tools. The data analyzed shows that there is a close, strong relationship between the level of motivation of workers and their performance and productivity. In turn, that has a significant impact on the profitability of the organization. The study also shows that the performance of employees drops when they lack motivation or even job satisfaction. It was shown that motivated workers have a higher productivity than workers without motivation. The study a lso proved that employee motivation is important in any organization if efficient and effective performances are to be achieved. Additionally, motivation has a direct impact on productivity of workers. Low or lack of motivation leads to low productivity while high motivation leads to improved performance and productivity of the employees. The study suggests that employee motivation should be distributed evenly so that results can be obtained. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561564"
1.0 INTRODUCTION  PAGEREF _Toc446561564 \h
6 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561565"
1.1 History  PAGEREF _Toc446561565 \h
8 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561566"
1.2 Problem Statement  PAGEREF _Toc446561566 \h
10 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561567"
1.3 Motivation for the Study  PAGEREF _Toc446561567 \h
10 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561568"
1.4 Research Objectives  PAGEREF _Toc446561568 \h
11 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561569"
1.5 Research Questions  PAGEREF _Toc446561 569 \h
12 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561570"
1.6 Significance of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc446561570 \h
12 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561571"
1.7 Organization of the Study  PAGEREF _Toc446561571 \h
12 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561572"
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW  PAGEREF _Toc446561572 \h
13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561573"
2.1 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc446561573 \h
13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561574"
2.2 Theoretical Literature  PAGEREF _Toc446561574 \h
13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561575"
2.2.1 Definitions of motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561575 \h
13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561576"
2.2.2 The Concept of motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561576 \h
16 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561577"
2.2.3 Needs and the Expectation at work  PAGEREF _Toc446561577 \h
16 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561578"
2.2.4 Theories of Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561578 \h
17 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561579"
2.2.5 Content Theories  PAGEREF _Toc446561579 \h
18 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561580"
2.2.6 Pro cess Theories  PAGEREF _Toc446561580 \h
21 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561581"
2.3 Work and Need-Satisfaction  PAGEREF _Toc446561581 \h
24 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561582"
3.0METHODOLOGY  PAGEREF _Toc446561582 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561583"
3.1 Study design  PAGEREF _Toc446561583 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561584"
3.2 Population of the study  PAGEREF _Toc446561584 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561585"
3.3 Sampling Technique  PAGEREF _Toc446561585 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561586"
3.4 Data Sources  PAGEREF _Toc446561586 \h
26 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561587"
3.5Research Instrument/Data Collection  PAGEREF _Toc446561587 \h
27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561588"
3.6 Reliability and Validity  PAGEREF _Toc446561588 \h
27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561589"
3.7 Procedure and Time Frame  PAGEREF _Toc446561589 \h
27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561590"
3.8Sampling Plan  PAGEREF _Toc446561590 \h
27 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561591"
3.9Analytica l Tools  PAGEREF _Toc446561591 \h
28 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561592"
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION  PAGEREF _Toc446561592 \h
29 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561593"
4.1 Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc446561593 \h
29 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561594"
4.2 Bio-Data of Respondents  PAGEREF _Toc446561594 \h
29 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561595"
4.3 Gender  PAGEREF _Toc446561595 \h
30 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561596"
4.4 Opportunities for Advancement  PAGEREF _Toc446561596 \h
34 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561597"
4.5 Discussion  PAGEREF _Toc446561597 \h
38 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561598"
4.5.1 Job Satisfaction for Employees  PAGEREF _Toc446561598 \h
38 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561599"
4.5.2 Factors Responsible for Employee Satisfaction and Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561599 \h
38 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561600"
4.5.3 Types of Employee Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561600 \h
39 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561601"
4.5.4 Employee Motivation to improve Productivity  PAGERE F _Toc446561601 \h
39 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561602"
4.5.5 Factors of Motivation in the Organization  PAGEREF _Toc446561602 \h
40 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561603"
4.5.6 Employee Benefits  PAGEREF _Toc446561603 \h
41 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561604"
4.5.7 Increasing Productivity using Employee Benefits and Motivation  PAGEREF _Toc446561604 \h
41 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561605"
4.5.8 Other Incentives  PAGEREF _Toc446561605 \h
42 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561606"
4.5.9 Other Motivational Schemes through the eyes of Employees  PAGEREF _Toc446561606 \h
42 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561607"
5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS  PAGEREF _Toc446561607 \h
44 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561608"
5.1 Summary  PAGEREF _Toc446561608 \h
44 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561609"
5.2 Recommendations  PAGEREF _Toc446561609 \h
45 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561610"
5.3 Limitations  PAGEREF _Toc446561610 \h
46 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561611"
5.4 Conclusion  PAGEREF _ Toc446561611 \h
46 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc446561612"
References  PAGEREF _Toc446561612 \h
481.0 INTRODUCTIONThe current business environment has become chaotic such that any business that dreams of success has to significantly depend on the expertise of its workers. Several theories and practices have been proposed as possible ways of solving the problem, with motivation ranking the top mystery to most managers. It is considered a form of mystery because there are several things and ways that are used to motivate people.It is worth noting that motivate is a derivation from motive, which has a lot to do with influencing the conduct and actions of people. Motives refer to expressions that human beings possess. As such, motivation is defined as a process that is used by managers to understand what measures should be taken to induce employees so that they work diligently and with commitment towards the realization of the organizational goals. It is an aspect of psychological co ncept. It aims at understanding peoples behavior by producing a behavior that is goal-oriented. It also has the aim of ensuring that good results are obtained. The feeling originates from within self and it cannot be borrowed or developed from external sources.Motivation has a significant impact of the productivity and performance at the workplace. Additionally, it is critical in an organization because there is no business that can succeed in running without human resources and workforce. The productivity of an organization is determined by the efficiency and productivity of each employee. High individual and group performance of employees results in excellent productivity and performance of an organization.Motivation aims at ensuring that workers and other individuals in an organization get what they expect the most from their involvement in the business. However, employees who are motivated and satisfied are expected to have high quality of performance and services, as well as p roductivity and profitability of the organization.On the other hand, an employee refers to an individual who serves another as stipulated in their contract. The contract may take various forms such as written, oral, express or implied. The contract gives the employer the exclusive powers of controlling and directing the employee on how to execute tasks as they perform their work.Employee motivation is broadly defined as the aspect that helps in energizing, sustaining, and directing the behavior of human beings. It is critical in an organization because it has significant impact on the performance of an organization. Managers are expected to assess and evaluate the performance of their employees fr...

Questions On The Legal System - 3081 Words

JAWONDEL’S NEW LEGAL SYSTEM By Marlize Nel Miss Johnston Legal 11 – The Legal System 23/03/15 In this report, both Rule of Law and Federation are defined. Additionally the benefits and limitations of the said features are disclosed with recommendations to mitigate limitations for stakeholders. Thorough research was used to comprehensively define the features and discern what the benefits and limitations would be for the stakeholders if the interim government incorporated them into Jawondel’s new legal system. Table of Contents Federalism and Rule of Law 1 Rule of Law 1.1 Federalism 1.2 Benefits of Rule of Law and Federalism 2 Benefits of Rule of Law 2.1 Benefits of Federalism 2.2 Reasoning behind why Rule of Law and Federalism†¦show more content†¦Democracy is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives. Jawondel is in the process of transitioning, just like the said countries. Rule of Law and Federalism are central attributes to democracy therefore should definitely be integrated into any democratic legal system; including the one Jawondel wishes to develop. Jawondel is a small nation currently under an interim government until a new government is elected. Jawondel has decided to reform its government from a dictatorship to a democracy. Jawondel’s leaders wish to adopt a model which is similar to the Australian legal system and have asked that a report be prepared on two features that should be integrated into their new legal system. Throughout this report Rule of Law and Federation will be defined, and it will be explained how including them in Jawondelâ₠¬â„¢s legal system will advocate the rights of individuals, certainty, justice and equity. It will also explore and disclose the benefits and limitations of the features, and give recommendations to lessen the limitations. Both features discussed in this report achieve everything Jawondel is looking for. From being a democratic country through to displaying the rights of individuals, equity, justice and certainty. 1.0 Federalism and Rule of Law 1.1 Rule of Law: Rule of Law (also known as

Canadian Old Age Security (OAS) Pension Changes

In Budget 2012, the Canadian federal government formally announced the changes it planned for the Old Age Security (OAS) pension. The major change will be raising the eligibility age for the OAS and related Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) from 65 to 67, beginning April 1, 2023. The change in the age of eligibility will be phased in gradually from 2023 to 2029. The changes will not affect you if you are currently receiving OAS benefits. The change in eligibility for OAS and GIS benefits will also not affect anyone born on April 1, 1958. The government will also be introducing the option for individuals to defer taking up their OAS pension for up to five years. By deferring his/her OAS pension, an individual would receive a higher annual pension starting in a later year. In an effort to improve services, the government will be starting proactive enrolment for the OAS and GIS for eligible seniors. This will be phased in from 2013 to 2016 and should mean that eligible seniors will not need to apply for the OAS and GIS as they do now. What is the OAS? Canadian Old Age Security (OAS) is the single largest program of the Canadian federal government. According to Budget 2012, the OAS program provides approximately $38 billion per year in benefits to 4.9 million individuals. It is now funded from general revenue, although for many years there was such as thing as an OAS Tax. The Canadian Old Age Security (OAS) program is a basic safety net for seniors. It provides a modest monthly payment to seniors 65 years of age and older who meet the Canadian residency requirements. Employment history and retirement status are not factors in the eligibility requirements. Low-income seniors may also qualify for supplemental OAS benefits including the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS), the Allowance  and Allowance for the Survivor. The maximum annual basic OAS pension is currently $6,481. Benefits are indexed to the cost of living measured by the Consumer Price Index. OAS benefits are taxable by both federal and provincial governments. The maximum annual GIS benefit is currently $8,788 for single seniors and $11,654 for couples. The GIS is not taxable, although you must report it when you file your Canadian income taxes. The OAS is not automatic. You must apply for the OAS, as well as for the supplemental benefits. Why is the OAS Changing? There are several critical reasons for changes being made to the OAS program. Canadas Aging Population: Demographics are changing. Life expectancy is increasing, and the age group of baby boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964) is huge. The government predicts the number of Canadian seniors will nearly double from 2011 to 2030, from 5 million to 9.4 million. That puts a huge pressure on funding the OAS program, especially when the number of working-age Canadians (who will be paying taxes) per senior is expected to drop from four to two over a similar time frame.Cost: Budget 2012 estimates that the cost of the OAS program without changes would grow from $38 billion in 2011 to $108 billion in 2030. That means the 13 cents of every federal tax dollar being spent on OAS benefits today would become 21 cents for every tax dollar being needed for the program in 2030-31.Flexibility: Allowing seniors to choose to defer taking their OAS pension will provide them with more choice to make decisions appropriate to their own circumstances.Efficiency: The phased-in proact ive enrolment of many seniors in the OAS and GIS programs will not only reduce an unnecessary burden on seniors, it is also a long-overdue administrative change that should save government program costs. When Do the OAS Changes Happen? Here are the time frames for the changes to the OAS: Increasing the Eligible Age for OAS and Supplemental Benefits: These changes begin in April 2023 and are being phased in over six years until January 2029. These charts of OAS changes show the ages by quarter.Voluntary Deferral of OAS Pension: The  voluntary deferral of the OAS option for up to five years begins July 2013.​Proactive Enrolment in OAS and GIS: This will be phased in from 2013 to 2016. Those who are eligible will be notified personally by mail. Those who are not eligible will be sent applications or can pick up applications from Service Canada. You should apply for the OAS at least six months before you turn 65. There will be more information on this option available from Service Canada as it is developed. Questions About Old Age Security If you have questions about the Old Age Security program, I suggest you Check the information on the Old Age Security pension on the Service Canada site​Read the Frequently Asked Questions about the OAS on the Service Canada site. Their contact information is also on that page.

What Truly Defines Someone As A Leader - 1878 Words

In the world we live in, many leaders have come and gone, but only a select few have made a big enough impact on society that we remember them forever. Those leaders are marked down in the history books which is why we continue to study and learn about them today. Many leaders exist, some whom lived in the past and others that are still alive and continue to be a leader. Thomas Jefferson was a significant leader in the past who contributed greatly in establishing America. As a founding father, Jefferson made many positive impacts on how our country would function, what form of government we’d use, and the freedom all citizens deserved. With so many leaders in this world, the question is, what truly defines someone as a leader? In my opinion, leadership means someone or a group of people who’s trying to make their vision become a reality by guiding others without force into a positive direction where they can achieve their desired goals. In other words, leadership is don e by a single person or many people, but they all need supporters and be able to guide them to success without exertion. It doesn’t always have to be in a positive direction as we learned from previous leaders such as Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin who negatively affected society, but most of all, leadership requires a vision, planning, and the ability to carry out the plan. To be a successful leader, you sometimes have to be a jerk because of the desire to accomplish your goals, but the most successfulShow MoreRelatedWhat Defines A Good Leader?1177 Words   |  5 PagesWhat defines a good leader? If you look up this term in the dictionary you will find an answer along the lines of, â€Å"A person who leads or commands a group, organization, or country†. Now, if someone were to ask you for the definition of the word â€Å"manager† would your answer be similar to what defines a leader? Often these words can get muddled as to which means what and if they truly me an the same thing. Well the dictionary defines a manager as, â€Å"A person responsible for controlling or administeringRead MoreThe Black, The White, And The Grey1201 Words   |  5 Pagesgood leader in relation to Machiavelli, Plato, and Marcus Aurelius) In modern politics so much of the black and white has blended into grey. It has become increasingly more difficult to define a good leader. Just looking at the Presidential candidates for the upcoming election is making me sick. Theodore Roosevelt, one of the truly good leaders of our country, says, â€Å"People ask the difference between a leader and a boss. The leader leads, and the boss drives.† Roosevelt definition of a leader challengesRead MoreEffective Leadership And My Current Leadership Skills1369 Words   |  6 Pagesdictionary defines leadership. It defines it as such: an activity of leading a group of people or an organization or ability to do this and involves establishing a clear vision, sharing that vision with others so that they will follow willingly, providing the information, knowledge, and methods to realize that vision and coordinating and balancing the conflicting interest of all members and stakeholders (Business Dictionary, n.d.). This definition solidifies what is expected of a leader and what shouldRead MoreWho Among Us Will Lead?925 Words   |  4 PagesWho Among Us will Lead? The dictionary defines leadership as a person who guides or directs a group. Leadership, however is defined by those from every walk of life. Surely, eight little words cannot define leadership. Can they? Can any person on earth claim that they have not seen or experienced leadership in action? Take crossing guards for example. They have to guide traffic and school children safely from one side of the street to the other. That is a living example of leadership. LeadershipRead MoreAre Leaders Made or Are Leaders Born?772 Words   |  4 Pagesold question. Are leaders made or are they born? My belief on this – I believe that a leader is made, not born. Why do I say that? Before going further, lets be clear on one distinction – when we say a leader is made, it does not mean that someone can be taught to become a leader by attending leadership courses. While it helps, it is not enough. Warren Bennis (a leading leadership researcher) believes that one cannot be taught to become a leader but one can learn to become a leader over the years throughRead MoreFunctionalities of a Manager for Being an Exceptional Leader1050 Words   |  4 Pagesline; they must also be leaders to t he employees they are in charge of. This does not mean that people will not follow if they are not led, but it easier to motivate someone if they are willing to follow. Motivation to work and be productive is the key. This paper looks at what it takes for a manager to be an exceptional leader. The study of leadership has not stayed static in the past hundred years. People have been trying to determine what truly makes an exceptional leader for many years now, soRead MoreLeadership Skills Within An Organization1509 Words   |  7 Pagesof focusing only on the titled leaders within an organization, this books focuses on â€Å"little l† leadership. The principles in the book pertain to any aspect of your life. The author states, â€Å"In my opinion, fame is based on what we get in life, but true greatness is based on what we give in life.† It is very clear with his stories and analogies that this author defines leadership as service, not fame, or title. The theme in this book is clear. Anyone can be a leader. The author begins the bookRead MoreSummary Of The Servant As Leader By Robert K. Greenleaf1459 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald was already well-known for his advocacy and promotion of the concept of â€Å"Servant Leadership† a term first coined by Robert K. Greenleaf in 1970. The author first wrote about the concept of Servant Leadership in an essay titled â€Å"The Servant as Leader.† In his essay, Greenleaf recounted his reason for writing the essay, stemmed from the belief that the country was in a leadership crisis and he had a responsibility to attempt to address the problem. When Mr. McDonald came to the VA, he like GreenleafRead MorePolitical Leader Essay760 Words   |  4 Pages The Integrity of Leadership When examining responses about qualities needed in a good leader, the common response was â€Å"integrity.† Merriam-Webster defines integrity as, firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values ; incorruptibility. This definition is widely known to most; however, it stems from the Latin root Intetegritas, which translates as purity and soundness. The sum of these definitions gives one a clear picture of integrity and invokes images of the many historicalRead MoreManagement Skills And People Skills1726 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.† This quote by John Quincy Adams epitomizes the very heart of what it means to be a leader. To be a leader means to inspire others to dream, learn, do, and become. Practically though, this is difficult to apply. How does one become an effective leader? The attributes of effective leadership reside in two categories, management s kills and people skills. Management skills, also known as the mechanics

How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans - 1696 Words

Eric Green Urban British Literature 1st 3 December 2015 How Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans In life majority of people believe telling the truth is the correct way of living. Truth has endured the world throughout time and is seemingly unanswerable to those who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. Truth goes along with universal questions such as what is beauty, justice, and power. And love but none have a direct answer because they are all dependent on the culture they are currently being described in. Even within these cultures these questions have different answers because of the various regions; for example medieval Europe had multiple cultures that traversed throughout everywhere and caused truth to be defined by the beliefs of that region. Medieval Europe lasted from the 5th to the 15th century and began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire causing this time to become known as the dark ages because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered. Very few people during this time could read or write and because of a lack of knowledge. Medieval Europeans used their superstitious beliefs to explain the world around them. Because of how Medieval Europe was set up the definition of truth was very general compared to smaller civilizations. In the United States today we have fused other cultures’ definitions of truth into our own and thus make our definition of truth divergent from medieval Europe. AmericanShow MoreRelatedNational Identity Over the Course of Time: Peter Sahlins Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout history have always sought to define who they are as a collective whole. Over the course of time, it was this that helped bind nations together through a collective sense of national identity and belonging. Although there are some set definitions that people use to define who collectively are, such as their own language and national history, this is not the only explanation of how groups of people have conceived who they are. In reality, communities have primarily conceived who they are byRead MoreHistorical And Philosophical Movement Of The Renaissance1596 Words   |  7 Pages14th century. The renaissance profoundly affected European Intellectual life through the introduction of different perspectives, ideas, innovations, literature, art, science, religion among many other aspects that continue to shape modern philosophy. By focusing, on ideas presented by Southern, Petrarch, and Burckhardt I will argue that the historical and philosophical movement of the renaissance progressed the writings and concerns of the medieval times through the emergence of humanism and freeRead MoreIn defense of the Indians by Las Casas and On the Cannibals by Montaigne1345 Words   |  6 Pagesto overpower majority and take control. This is the situation which occurred between the Natives and the Europeans during the 1513 conquest. The Spanish Conquest of Central and South America and the voyage to the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492 brought the Spanish crown a great amount of wealth. The native inhabitants which resided in the Americas prior to the discovery, saw what was once their home being taken away from them and being completely devoured by the Conquistas. In Defense ofRead MoreA World Lit Only By Fire800 Words   |  4 Pagesimpartial. It is structured into three separate sections: The Medieval Mind, The Shattering and One Man Alone. The first section effectively talks about the substantial events that occurred in the year 500; this includes the fall of the Roman Empire and the reasons that lie behind its fall. Manchester continues on by speaking of the Dark Ages that instantaneously followed the collapse of the Roman Empire. He speaks of the Black Death and how Europe experienced multiple â€Å"climatic changes†, such as severeRead MorePluralism As An Ethical Imperative For A Democratic Communication1126 Words   |  5 PagesPluralism as an ethical imperative for a democratic communication The concepts of civil rights and citizenship are rooted in the Enlightenment and the liberal revolutions of the 18th Century, in which the individual was at the core of the intellectual, philosophical, and political concern. In that sense, these ideas should be historically and intellectually reviewed rather than naturalized as the only way to organize social life. Actually, the Westernized nature of this tradition cannot be neglectedRead MoreThe Legal System Of The Law1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand laws that govern activities within the community; there are also specific laws in certain portions of the legal system. Laws are made in order to give us rules of conduct that protect everyone’s individual rights (Canada Department of Justice). How law is dealt with is seen to vary throughout different countries for the reason that each country contains different laws that are based to fit their culture and customs. However, when law is dealt with, regardless of the area it is enfo rced in; ifRead MoreKnights Of The Middle Ages1692 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch more, in particular, a code of behavior, conduct and ethics to which all knights were held. These knights were bound by a code of honor. Each knight had to swear that he would defend â€Å"the weak, the poor, widows, orphans, and the oppressed. He was to be courteous, especially to women; brave; loyal to his leaders; and concerned about the welfare of his subordinates, or those of lesser rank and position† (Schlager par. 30). Knights of the Middle Ages were not always considered to be of high socialRead MoreStereotyping of Jews Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesIn life, there is a common ground on which most every person can relate. At one time or another, we have all been promoters of or victims of the unremitting nature of stereotypes. According to the Webster’s dictionary, a stereotype is defined as â€Å"a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group.† Most stereotypes take on a negative form and are based on characteristics such as age, gender, race, status, and personal beliefsRead MoreChristian Mysticism Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesMysticism is a word we find in many books that relate to religious experiences. Mysticism is interpreted as searching for spiritual truth and wisdom through the unification with the Divine. Many Christians today believe that the words associated with mysticism like meditation and mystic are not coherently related with Christianity, but more with many Eastern religions. Eastern religions are definitely known for their mysticism, but it is believed to not be a part of Christianity. Mysticism is actually

Current situation of indian economy free essay sample

The Indian rupee touched record low of 65. 52/dollar on Thursday and is down 16 percent so far this year despite efforts by policymakers to prop it up. The pass-through of the depreciation of the rupee exchange rate by about 11 percent in the four months of 2013-14 is incomplete and will put upward pressure as it continues to feed through to domestic prices, the RBI said in its annual report for the 2012-13 fiscal year ending last March. Asias third-largest economy has been pummelled by a selloff in emerging markets; with the rupee the worst performer in Asia this year after the U. S. Federal Reserve indicated it will begin winding down its economic stimulus. Headline wholesale price index inflation climbed to 5. 79 percent in July driven primarily by higher food prices and costlier imports as the rupees fall continued. Consumer price index inflation was 9. 64 percent in July, fuelled by high food prices. Risks on the inflation front are still significant, the RBI said. The rupees weakness could also increase subsidy payouts for fuel and fertiliser in 2013/14, the central bank said. However, the report said normal monsoon rains in India have taken a major risk off the horizon but said a close vigil was necessary after food prices showed an upsurge during April to July. If high food inflation persists into the second half of 2013-14, the risks of generalised inflation could become large, it said. Indias current account gap, which widened to a record high of 4.8 percent of GDP in the fiscal year to March 2013, is likely to ease in the current fiscal year but may continue to be much above the sustainable level, the report said. Global risks coupled with domestic structural impediments have dampened prospects of a recovery in 2013-14, and posed immediate challenges for compressing the current account deficit, it said. The central banks report added that utmost attention is needed to contain risks to financial stability arising from deteriorating asset quality of banks. The India of 2013 is not the India of 1991 There are ways of looking at India’s present economic woes marked by a rapid fall in the value of the rupee caused by persistent inflation of the past few years and the high current account deficit (CAD) of about $85 billion (4. 5 per cent of GDP) which needs to be funded through uncertain capital inflows year after year. The description of the present crisis by various economic and political analysts by itself tends to carry shades of ideological bias. Some well known economists on the far right prefer to describe the external sector situation as worse than the 1991 economic crisis India had faced. This narrative suggests the 1991 crisis was marked by a severe, external sector crunch and it acted as a trigger for the big bang reforms of the early 1990s. This section believes that the present crisis may be worse than that of 1991 but the government this time round is much more complacent, and less inclined to implement drastic reforms to revive growth. Then and now Of course, not everyone agrees with the narrative that the India of 2013 is worse than it was in 1991. Actually it is not. And more of the same kind of reforms is perhaps not the answer either. The world was very different in 1991 when western economies were still strong and looking outward, trying to deepen the process of economic globalisation. Today, major OECD economies are looking much more inward than before, trying to fix their own domestic economy and polity. Emerging economies like India, which managed to avoid until 2011 the negative impact of the global financial crisis, began to dramatically slowdown after 2011. Most of the BRICS economies have lost over four per cent off their peak GDP growth rates experienced until 2010. After 2010, excess global liquidity flowing from the West, the consequent high international oil and commodity prices fed seamlessly into India’s domestic mismanagement of the supply of key resources such as land, coal, iron ore and critical food items to create a potent cocktail of high inflation and low growth, and a bulging CAD. The key difference between 1991 and 2013 is the availability of global financial flows. In 1991, western finance capital had not significantly penetrated India. Now, a substantial part of western capital is tied to India and other emerging economies where OECD companies have developed a long-term stake. The broader logic of the global capital movement is that it will seamlessly move to every nook and corner of the world where unexploited factors of production exist and there is scope to homogenize the modes of production and consumption in a global template. This relentless process may indeed gather steam after the United States shows further signs of recovery. Indeed, some experienced watchers of the global economic scene have said that a recovery in the U. S. will eventually be beneficial for the emerging economies. This basic logic will sink into the financial markets in due course. At present, the prospect of the U. S. Federal Reserve withdrawing some of the liquidity it had poured into the global marketplace is causing emerging market currencies to sharply depreciate. In a sense, the depreciation of 15 to 20 per cent this year of the currencies in Brazil, South Africa, Turkey, Indonesia and India can be seen partially as a knee-jerk reaction to the smart recovery of the housing market in the U. S. and the consequent prospect of the Federal Reserve gradually unwinding its ongoing $40 billion a month support to mortgage bonds over the next year or so. But eventually, a fuller recovery in the U. S. will mean better economic health globally. Besides, some tapering of liquidity by the U. S. Federal Reserve is inevitable as such an unconventional monetary policy cannot last forever. The U. S. Federal Reserve balance sheet was roughly $890 billion in 2007. It has ballooned to a little over $3 trillion today simply by printing more dollars. Such massive liquidity injection by printing dollars in such a short period is probably unprecedented in American history. This is also unsustainable because sooner rather than later, such excess liquidity could send both inflation and interest rates shooting up in the U. S. — which again may not be good for the rest of the financially connected world. So what should India learn from the current situation? One, it needs to understand that cheap, finance capital flowing in from the West is a double-edged weapon. If not used judiciously to enhance productivity in the domestic economy, such finance will tend to become an external debt trap. This lesson is as important for the government as it is for the Indian capitalist class which has shown a tendency to use cheap finance and scarce resources such as spectrum, coal, land and iron ore to play stock market games in collusion with the political class. Of course, this is a systemic issue and needs to be addressed at the level of electoral funding reform. Indeed, this is more important than â€Å"fresh economic reforms† that blinkered economists advocate. India Inflation Rate The inflation rate in India was recorded at 5. 79 percent in July of 2013. Inflation Rate in India is reported by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. India Inflation Rate averaged 7. 72 Percent from 1969 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 34. 68 Percent in September of 1974 and a record low of -11. 31 Percent in May of 1976. In India, the wholesale price index (WPI) is the main measure of inflation. The WPI measures the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. In India, wholesale price index is divided into three groups: Primary Articles (20. 1 percent of total weight), Fuel and Power (14. 9 percent) and Manufactured Products (65 percent). Food Articles from the Primary Articles Group account for 14. 3 percent of the total weight. The most important components of the Manufactured Products Group are Chemicals and Chemical products (12 percent of the total weight); Basic Metals, Alloys and Metal Products (10. 8 percent); Machinery and Machine Tools (8. 9 percent); Textiles (7. 3 percent) and Transport, Equipment and Parts (5. 2 percent). This page contains India Inflation Rate actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. 2013-09-01 INDIAN INFLATION RISES TO 5-MONTH HIGH IN JULY In July, Indias headline inflation rate, based on monthly WPI, rose to 5. 79 percent from 4.86 percent in June, mainly driven by higher food prices and more expensive imports due to a falling rupee. The of food rose by 3. 4 percent due to higher price of fruits and vegetable (11 percent) , rice (5 percent) and fish(5 percent). Energy prices were up 3. 0 percent due to higher price of furnace oil, aviation turbine fuel, petrol and bitumen (7 percent each) and high speed diesel (3 percent). Manufactured goods prices rose 0. 6 percent. Build up inflation rate in the financial year so far was 3. 12 percent compared to a build up rate of 2. 98 percent in the corresponding period of the previous year.

In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion Essay Example For Students

In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion Essay In what ways has Surrealism influenced fashion, and how successful are the results? You will need to include discussion of two examples. By likeability 1. What is surrealism? Surrealism is destructive, but it destroys only what it considers to be shackles limiting our vision. Young Night Thoughts are surrealist from cover to cover. Unfortunately, it is a priest who speaks; a bad priest, to be sure, yet a priest. Heraclites is surrealist in dialectic. Lully is surrealist in definition. Flame is surrealist in the night of gold. Swift is surrealist in malice. Shade is surrealist in sadism. Carrier is surrealist in drowning. Monk Lewis is surrealist in the beauty of evil. Chin von Arming is surrealist absolutely; in space and time Rabble is surrealist in death. Baudelaire is surrealist in morals. Rumbaed is surrealist in life and elsewhere. Harvey Saint-Deny is surrealist in the directed dream. Carroll is surrealist in nonsense. Husband is surrealist in pessimism. Serrate is surrealist in design. Picasso is surrealist in cubism. Bach © is surrealist in me. Rousseau is surrealist in anecdote (And © Breton, 1934, A lecture given in Brussels on 1st June 1934 at a public meeting regained by the Belgian Surrealists, http://home. Lb. AC. UK) Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of previously neglected association, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinterested play of thought. -Andre Breton In the sass, the world was going through one of its all time IoW phases. There was war, or worse, the fear of war, the artists who had been scattered as the result, (who were ea rlier based in Paris of other cities) became of the mindset that it was the overly rational thinking, the so called high rationale of human mind that had brought upon this war. This resulted in an inspired thought that led to a revolution. Thus the idea to follow the unconscious mind arrived, no matter how bizarre its ideas may seem. The word Surrealism was invented in 1917 by Gallinule Billionaire, and adopted by fellow French poet, And © Breton, in 1924 to describe a radical movement of artists and writers, who drew on their subconscious to depict a heightened or super-real vision of the world. (The Surrealist comeback in design, Alice Rawson, The New York times, March 25, 2007) Perhaps this is a little hard to understand, but one of the best examples to describe owe a surrealist thinks is a Salvador Dali quote; when asked do you take drugs, he answered, to the interviewers bewilderment, l do not take drugs. I am drugs. The man who commercialese the surreal Salvador Dali Salvador Dali needs no introduction to anyone who has even remotely studied art. Not only was Dali a tremendously gifted painter, but also a designer, photographer, thinker and an ext raordinary witty writer. His autobiography The secret life of Salvador Dali gives a very good insight into his thought process and his ideas. He was one of the first artists who brought the idea of surrealism from paper (And © Breton was a poet) to the visual arts, thus making it commercial and marketable. According to many, the idea of making surrealist art commercial was against the idea of surrealism. But as the history goes, the artists who had surrealist themes were very successful in the later sasss. The surrealist ideas were incorporated into fashion when Salvador Dali famously collaborated with the Italian designer Else Capillaries. The collection consisted of Lobster Dress Lobster Dress was a simple white silk evening dress with a crimson waistband featuring a large lobster painted (by Dali) onto the skirt. Tears Dress The Tears Dress, a slender pale blue evening gown printed with a Dali design of tromped Leila rips and tears, worn with a thigh-length veil with real tears carefully cut out and lined in pink and magenta. Skeleton dress skeleton dress was a stark black crepe dress which used transport quilting to create padded ribs, spine, and leg bones. Shoe hat the shoe hats were a particular sensation, hats that were the underside of heels on the top. Before Salvador Dali, many artists had already put forward surrealist works, and though not many are worthy of being mentioned in the name breath as Dali, some of the noticeable ones are Giorgio De Chorizo (1888-1978) Cho rizos early paintings were perhaps a vital key in the development of the surrealist style of painting. Characterized by images of empty town squares, suspended corridors and macabre ghost town like depictions of streets and town squares looked like his imagination of a post war era and were full of a sort of haunting loneliness and grim. Cluttered with puzzling objects, such as clocks, giant statues and distant trains, and often featuring deep, dramatic perspectives, De Chorizos paintings left an indelible mark on Breton and numerous other future Surrealists. Among his works from this early Metaphysical period are The Enigma of the Arrival and the Afternoon (1912), The Anxious Journey (1913), The Nostalgia of the Infinite (1913), Mystery and Melancholy of a Street (1914) and The Childs Brain (1914). By the time of the first Manifesto of Surrealism, De Chorizo had moved on to a far more classical approach, much to the chagrin of Breton. He participated in Surrealist activities up to 1925, contributing to the periodicals Lilt ©return and La R ©volition Sour ©aliases, as well as eater writing a Surrealist novel Hobbyhorses in 1929. Rene © Francis Emigrate Some people say that it was the haunting memory of his mother who committed suicide when he was 14 years old. It is said that he witnessed her face covered by her dress as she was pulled out of the water (she committed suicide by throwing herself in a nearby river) the haunting symbolism remained an inspiration for him, even for his famous work Less Aments. Let us come back to the point in history when the surrealist movement that And © Breton had started as a rebellion for poets had captured the minds of designers and as successfully incorporated into fashion by a crazy Spaniard. Pablo picasso and marcel duchamp EssayPerhaps the most famous of his famous surrealist works are his signature high heels. Macaque, 40 at the time of his death can be labeled the most famous and the best example of designers inspired by surrealism in their work. Viviane Westwood Dame Viviane Westwood popularity constantly gains momentum. Her punk attitude is more alive in the Naughtiest than ever and her outspoken, Union Jack waving Englishmen (with a few added safety pins and tea stains), is undiminished. It is fitting that the Establishment has recognized her work by making her a Dame. Viviane Westwood fashions older stateswoman that many wish to emulate, with her younger husband Andrea Chronicler and energy for shaking things up whilst keeping her feet on the ground seems to only recruit admirers. Cutting edge but lassie, she is unflinchingly rooted in what matters, whether it is human rights or classical fiction. No trendy noise for her, Just cleavage, mischief, and CAPITAL LETTER MESSAGES such as sasss l AM NOT A TERRORIST, please dont arrest me baby -r- shirts. Her first catwalk show was presented in 1981, featuring the collaboration of Westwood and McAllen. The theme that year was Pirates. Subsequent Westwood theme titles in the early years included Savage (1982), Buffalo Girls (Autumn/Winter 1982-83) and Clint Eastward, (Autumn-Winter 1984-85) under the Worlds Ends Label he stopped producing the line in 1985 to concentrate on her Viviane Westwood Lines. Viviane Westwood says (Sometimes you need to transport your idea to an empty landscape and then populate it with fantastic looking people. ). She dubbed the period 1981 to 1985 New romantic and 1988-1991 The Pagan Years during which Viennese heroes changed from punks and ragamuffins to Taller girls wearing clothes that parodied the upper class. The period from 1993 to 1999 she called Megalomania and from 2000 to the present Exploration (vogue, 2007) Viviane Westwood has always been a fan of surrealist work and is herself a punk. It is also a known fact that her ex husband was the manager of the sex pistols and they were also associated with surrealism in music. The future of surrealism in fashion upcoming designers s uch as Yang Du Surrealist fashion designer Yang Du established her brand Yang Du in London in 09 after studying in the central Saint Martins College of art and design, and working for designers such as Viviane Westwood, John Gilligan, and Giles Deacon. It is evident in her work that she is a former artist and a fan of surrealism and impressionism. Her work is ultra hip, very colorful and can be seen as a mix of post modern and impressionist. She is especially fond of animal prints, painting animal faces on dresses, and using models with vivid makeup although a notch less vivid than Alexander Macaque. Unlike most surrealists Yang Duds inspirations are less controversial. She stated that she gets her inspirations from her travels. These have included India and Ecuador. Her latest design includes a cactus hat that has actual spines in the top. In the new winter collection, the colors were pastel with animal prints along the dress line. When asked about her design ideology in an interview, she said My ideology I am ere open-minded to new things, and mostly, look at things from a very different angle. I often go on trips, where I take lots of photos and meet lots of people. When I come back to London, I always have so much in my mind, some of them like stories which I really want to share through the clothes I design. (Amelias magazine, 2009) Surrealism in fashion photography Although surrealism is apparent in fashion, it is even more so in fashion photography. It would be almost worthless for a designer to create a design which looked surreal if the photographer couldnt capture the thought of the designer. Fashion photography thus can be called as a way to express surrealism in fashion. Also fashion photography can be used to make a normal collection surreal. One of the authors best photographers is Toshiba Canoe who in her career (1950-1960) made hundreds of collages, and quit the profession after married. Her photography is inspired by surrealist painters such as Giorgio De Chorizo, Max Ernst, Joan Mir ¶, and Francis Pica. It is apparent that she did all her work from an out of the world prospective which is one of the reasons that her pictures though surreal look very believable, and honest. Some of her famous works are the horse and the bride in the sea and the bride on the door. Conclusion The surrealist movement changed many aspects of art. No other visual art was the same after the surrealist movement. Surrealism is that form of art which believes in anything that the subconscious mind can conjure up. It is the way of life for great minds like Salvador Dali who dreamed more than they breathed. In the fashion industry, it was a huge step when Salvador Dali collaborated with Capillaries not only because it lead to two of the most talented minds of the generation to come soother, but also because it opened the door for surrealist art to come in the field of fashion and blossom. And so it did. The careers of Alexander Macaque and Viviane Westwood are a testimony to this fact. And as for the future, the designers like Yang Du are taking forward the legacy and continue to inspire the people with their surreal work that one knows to be untrue but is still forced to think twice. And that is the beauty of the surreal art. It may be argued that the surreal art like most others will one day be obsolete and out of fashion but it is also ever changing.

Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone land

Overview This document is a proposal to design a manual to explain the approval processes on fire protection emergency services on proposed developments on bush fire prone land.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone land specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The aim of this document is to describe the nature of a bush fire prone land and the fire safety measures desirable to prevent any accidental occurrences of bush fires. Areas designated as bush fire prone are classified as vegetation areas and buffer zones. The former are typically divided into class 1 and 2. This classification depends on a combination on the vegetation type’s bush fire hazard and the proximity to any proposed development. Furthermore, these vegetation classes can be further divided into twelve sub-categories that are crucial in the determination of the building c onstruction levels and the establishment of property protection zones. On the other hand, the buffer zones are classified beyond the vegetation classification areas and constitute land, which may be directly affected by bush because of an exposure to radiant heat. In most cases buffer zones may be 30 meters or 100 meters in breadth depending on the type of vegetation. Bush fire prone areas are gazetted on a map prepared by a relevant authority in collaboration with the fire protection agencies. These lands are identified on a planning certificate issued under the environmental planning and assessment legislation. Approval processes required if a property is identified as bush fire prone areas Any project, activity, or development on bush fire prone areas requires two distinct development processes. These types of assessment processes will depend on the type of the proposed development activity. For example, an integrated development will need the Bush Fire Safety Authority from the relevant institution to become an integrated development under the legislation governing environmental matters. In addition, there are developments that do not require the Bush Fire Safety Authority. Bush fire safety authority should be obtained for developments such as a subdivision of bush fire prone land that can be utilized lawfully for residential purposes. Other developments on bush fire prone lands for fire protection purposes includes public utilities such as schools, medical facilities, restaurants, sheltered workshops and any other purpose prescribed by the relevant authority such as student or staff accommodation and respite care centers.Advertising Looking for proposal on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The relevant institution will be required to forward an application for an integrated development to obtain an acceptance or rejection of the application and the relevant terms for the approva l or refusal. In case of refusal of an application, the local authority must also refuse the application. For the local developments, the legislations covering environmental planning and assessment must relate to the consultation and assessment requisites for developments on bush fire prone areas. It is a requirement that relevant institution must not grant development consent to any project application for any development on bush fire prone land unless the institution is contented that the development conforms to the requirements of planning for bush fire protection. In addition, it must consult with the relevant other stakeholders and relevant institutions concerning appropriate measures with respect to the proposed development, in order to ensure safety to human life, property, and the environment from any negative effect that may arise from bush fire. Local developments required to consider planning for bush fire protection Planning for protection of bush fires are directed to z oning and subdivision of land and the construction of buildings of residential developments under building codes where land is categorized as being prone to bush fire. Other classes of building covered include pools, garages, and decks. Building types that may not be subjected to bush fire protection legislations includes dual occupancy dwellings that are not subject to zoning and subdivision since they are not able to meet the requirements of the planning for bush fire protection. In addition, land subdivided for residential or rural residential, or proposed developments identified as special fire protection purpose are not considered in this category. Furthermore, minor development elements such as swimming pools, clothing lines, fencing are exempted from the regulation. Requirements for an application for development on bush fire prone land The guidelines for planning for bush fire protection requires that a report must be submitted together with all necessary development applica tions on bush fire prone land to the relevant institution. The developer will be required to produce a bush fire assessment report that may contain a duly completed pro-rata form accompanied with the application kit to the planning for bush fire protection guidelines. Consequently, a developer may present an independent report prepared by a qualified fire protection consultant. The reports should be able to explain how the development proposal will be able to meet the standards provided by the guidelines for bush fire protection. The report should also specify the main objectives of the proposed development, as well as, the performance criteria for the various bush fire protection measures. The developer will also be required to provide integrated development proposals to address the specified criteria as per the guidelines for bush fire protection.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone land speci fically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, local developments are also required to abide by the guidelines. Thus, in order to meet the assessment criteria to the protection measures of bush fire, it is necessary that a developer make use of all the acceptable solutions, or make use viable alternative solutions that will meet the general requirements, performance criteria, as well as, specific objectives of the proposed development. Conclusion The bush fire assessment report leads to the establishment of the proposed development, or asset protection areas to be very valuable in the determination of building construction standards. The asset protection zones are areas set aside of managed land and are cleared of vegetation to minimize fuel loads; hence, providing a buffer zone between the proposed development and the hazard (vegetation). The area of the buffer zone depends on the type of vegetation, the levels of building construction, an d the general slope of the landscape. Developers should not only depend on construction standards only since they are insufficient in providing protection from the impacts of bush fire. The maintenance of the buffer zones is the responsibility of the land developer and will be monitored by the relevant consent authority mandated to ensure that an ideal mechanism is put in place for the maintenance of the buffer zones over the lifetime of the proposed development. The reader should understand that developments such as fences, garages, or shades might be allowed within the buffer zones and within an approximated radius of ten meters of a dwelling unit, under conditions that the facilities are constructed form non-flammable materials. This proposal on Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone land was written and submitted by user America E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample College Essay Responses - What Would You Bring to the College?

Sample College Essay Responses - What Would You Bring to the College?If you are taking an admissions test that will decide if you get into a specific college, you should prepare yourself with sample college essay responses. This will give you a feeling of what kind of response you can write and how you should approach the test. In this article, we will go over different ways you can prepare yourself for a college essay test.One of the best ways to prepare yourself for an essay test is to learn from others. When it comes to preparing for a test, it is important to watch other people's performances. You can take notes on what your professor does and then try to use these tips in your own essay responses. The other way you can prepare yourself is by listening to experts on admissions essays.There are some teachers that would suggest that their students take up general education requirements before taking the admissions test. This will help them get a good feeling of what they need to do and what will be expected from them. You can also learn more about essay topics from the professionals that are willing to share their knowledge and experience.The most common thing that you can expect from an admissions test is that it will most likely ask you to discuss yourself, your family and your background. The topic may vary depending on the state, but they will always ask you to write about yourself in several parts of the essay. Some of the parts will include your personal history, your family background, your personal goals and interests, your personality and the nature of your work.The topics you will have to write about will depend on the nature of the college admission test that you are taking. Some may ask you to write about your school experience while others may have them ask you to talk about your career. In this case, it is important that you know what will be expected of you so that you can prepare accordingly.The other thing that you will be asked to write on i n an admission test is the kind of college you are interested in. This will depend on the type of college that you are applying to and on the kind of program that you are considering to be affiliated with. A college that is located in the northeast area of the country will not ask for essays that focus on specific areas such as Chicago, Manhattan or New Jersey.Another thing that may be asked on an admissions test is to write about your work experience. They may also ask you to write about how you can contribute to the college. In this case, you need to know what is expected of you so that you can make the most out of your essay.Your experience in the world of business will determine what topics you should be writing about in an admissions test. Sometimes they ask you to write about your personal experiences that will reflect how you can relate to the people in your college. In this case, it is important that you write about your accomplishments so that you can give something back to the community.

Itch vs. Scratch

Itch vs. Scratch Itch vs. Scratch Itch vs. Scratch By Maeve Maddox Confusion as to whether to use scratch or itch is evident on the web. For example, the video of a cat scratching its own back has the label, â€Å"Cat itches his own back.† A pet care site features the question, â€Å"If a dog is uncontrollably itching an area to the point of bleeding, what can you do to stop it?† Some people are concerned enough about the difference between scratch and itch as to ask about it at answering sites: Can itch be used as a verb? My girlfriend and I have been going rounds about this. She says you can itch an itch, but I say you scratch an itch. Ive read its a transitive verb, whatever that is. Let’s start with â€Å"whatever a transitive verb is.† A transitive verb takes an object. That means the action of a verb has a receiver. In the sentence, The man sang a song, the action is â€Å"sang† and the receiver is â€Å"a song.† Many verbs can be transitive or intransitive, depending upon whether or not there is a receiver of the action. In the sentence, The man sang, the action is â€Å"sang,† but there is no receiver. The verb is intransitive. The verb itch can be used transitively or intransitively, but saying â€Å"I’m itching these bites on my arm† is not standard usage. So, if a person can’t â€Å"itch something,† when is itch transitive? Itch is transitive when something itches a person: The label in this tee shirt itches the back of my neck. As a noun, itch means the feeling on the skin that produces the urge to scratch. Used figuratively, itch means desire: She has an itch to travel. He has an itch for power. The verb scratch has more than one meaning, but the one that goes with itch is this one: scratch: transitive verb. to rub or scrape lightly with the finger-nails or claws to relieve itching. In standard English, itch can be used as a transitive verb, but not by the person who itches. So, scratch that itch, and cut out the T-shirt labels that itch your neck. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?Time Words: Era, Epoch, and EonWhat the Heck are "Peeps"?

Why has the concept of work life balance become such a focus concern Essay

Why has the concept of work life balance become such a focus concern in the past decade - Essay Example working from home, compressed work weeks and flexible working hours), leave arrangements (e.g. maternity leave, paternity leave, and leave to care for a sick dependent), dependent care assistance (e.g. on-site daycare, subsidised daycare, eldercare, and referral to child care), and general services (e.g. employee assistant programs, seminars and programs related to family needs)’. These initiatives give employees work flexibility and ensure that those depended on them, children and the elderly parents, are cared about, thus reducing the family-work conflict, as well as providing time to be spent for personal interests and hobbies, which reduces stress and increases employees’ satisfaction with life and work. The issue of work-life balance was aroused in the USA in the mid of 1980s, yet since then it has become only more vital. This was caused by a number of reasons. In this paper we are going to discuss the sources of the problem and highlight the aspects making it a pr oblem, as well as benefits of work-life balance. Work-life balance initiatives are essential for creating normal conditions of work for people. Reports and surveys indicating the problem have been released and conducted for several decades already. However, the issue continues acquiring its vitality. In May 2005 Europe was worried by the report released by the European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO) showing that the workers in 10 new state entrants to the European Union worked three weeks more than employees in 15 core EU countries. Voters blamed politicians for shrinking vacation period. The 22 days of paid vacations in Estonia, Lithuania, Poland ad Slovenia were perceived as the violation of human rights. Meanwhile, according to the Families and Work Institute report 79 percent of US employees got no more than 16,6 days of paid vacation in 2001, the figure having dropped to 14,6 days by 2004. About 37 percent of US workers took less

Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Essay - 6

Contemporary Developments in Business and Management - Essay Example So, in 2005, it actualized that plan by adopting the Diversity Program. This program apart from improving Nike’s ethical image, also positively impacted the business environment of Nike both in its external as well as in its internal environment, opening up a surge of opportunities and at the same time it also giving rise to challenges in certain aspects. So, this paper will analyze Nike’s internal as well as external business environment, focusing on how the current political and economic factors are influencing its decision making particularly regarding its Diversity program, ending with the recommendations on how to further optimize its functioning Nike Corporation is the world’s leading supplier and or manufacturer of sports equipments, athletic shoes and apparels. It was formed in 1964, and by 1980, it already had more than 50% market share in the United States. Nike has over five hundred factory or office locations in around 45 countries all over the world. Nike’s operations in UK are extensive with stores at many prominent places and manufacturing process is also going on. With such extensive locations, Nike, an American corporation has a sizeable percentage of employees from diverse groups. So, Nike is a very diverse company and focuses a great deal on improving diversity throughout the organisation. â€Å"This company operates on six continents, and employs around 23,000 people. Their suppliers, shippers, retailers and service providers employ close to 1 million people. The diversity inherent in such size is helping Nike evolve its role as a global company.† (Clarke et. al, 2005). But, as part of a p ositive image building exercise, Nike under the leadership of Phil Knight planned to increase that percentage to recognizable and optimum levels. So, in 2005, it actualized that plan by adopting the Diversity Program in its recruitment process. Phil

Program for Education, Health and Food in Mexico Essay Example for Free

Program for Education, Health and Food in Mexico Essay The United Nations formulated global targets to be attained by all nations which are referred to as millennium development goals (MDGs), which need to be met by 2015. This is the foundation for the major development agendas set by separate nations in the world today that all are geared towards these goals. For instance these goals includes poverty and hunger reduction, universal primary education, equitable access to all levels of education and a reduction in maternal and child mortality (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 45). Therefore in order these targets to be achieved globally, they ought first to be achieved by the individual nations as units making the globe. This therefore calls for the commitment of nations geared towards implementing multi sectoral strategies of these individual nations in the whole world to attain these MDGs which bears the common good to the majority. In this connection, Latin America is not an exception to the global programs. In this regard, Latin America established five conditional cash transfers programs aimed at reducing poverty and to increase human capital in form of education, (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 23) health and nutrition in order to contribute to the attainment of the United Nations development targets set by the year 2015 in the globe (Coady Parker, 2004, p. 178). These programs include Bolsa Escola program (which provides school grants), Programme for the Eradication of Child Labour in Brazil, the Families in Action program in Colombia, the Social Protection Network in Nicaragua, and Oportunidades program in Mexico. However this term paper shall give focus to the Oportunidades program in Mexico (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 63). Concepts of Conditional cash transfers The concepts of CCT (Conditional cash transfers) are new development programs adapted by nations as a result of global development challenges. The approach of CCTs are adapted with an aim to foster human capital accumulation among the young generation in order to break inter-generational vicious poverty cycle in the modern generation (ECLAC, 2002, p. 82), so that tomorrow world can have a poverty free generation with reduced social crisis. Therefore CCTs involves providing and availing money to poor families conditional upon investments in human capital such educating children, improving the health through creating health centrers close to the people and nutritional aspect (Coady Parker, 2004, p. 23). This is done through the use of the demand-side interventions to support directly the beneficiaries as opposed to traditional supply-side mechanisms like provision of general subsidies or investments in health providers of social services or health facilities and centrers or schools. In this regard therefore Conditional Cash Transfers programs targets at improving children’s human capital. Which is similar to the case of Latin America and Mexicos Programa de Educacion, Saludy Alimentacion (PROGRES) (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 131). However in order to analyse the conditional cash transfers, the analysis should be based on the new approach to social protection, that encompasses risk management approach that is aimed at enhancing human capital and defeating poverty in the longer term plans (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 5). For instance the social risk management strategy indicates that individuals, households and communities are exposed to multiple risks in their environment. Thus Poverty translates to greater vulnerability of the poor community, simply because poor people in the community or society usually are limited to access to instruments that are necessary for risk management (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 213). In addition poor sect of society or community are always poorly prepared to cope with crises whenever they occur. For example the poor sect would handle a financial crisis using an informal method and approach like taking their children out of school and keeping them at home, which is insufficient approach to crisis management. This way of handling crises results to irreversible loss of human capital and perpetuated intergenerational poverty cycle that becomes hard and difficult to reduce (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 141). In this respect the social risk management model uses three functions that are vital for the public policies. This includes the prevention, mitigation and coping, which embraces the long term benefits and reduced consequences. Therefore, it ends up helping benefiting people living in structural poverty, people who are just above the poverty line and groups with special needs in the society. Therefore, the CCTs approach is rooted from the concept of social protection as human capital investment that holds that poverty is reproduced across human generations due to a lack of investment in human capital (Behrman Sengupta, 2001, p. 63). In this respect CCTs approach is more effective than the traditional approach, since it incentivizes this human capital investment by attaching conditions to transfers to produce desired results to the community and world at large. The use of CCTs in education ensures that opportunity cost of education is reduced hence reinforces the income effect of the transfer in such a way that school attendance and child labour is not as a substitute to income effect. This is aided by implementation regulations such as compulsory attendance of school by children with income substitution to enhance its impact. In this case when the children spend much time in school they would not consume as much resources as they would consume when are at home. Hence in terms of conditional cash transfers it implies that,there will be a minimum transfer amount needed to produce incentives 0 to send children to school (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 56). Therefore, this ensures that the saved resources are put to development agendas that will enhance wealth creation and more investment realization. The program was created in the year 1997 by Mexican Federal Governments as a strategy to support rural families in extreme poverty to alleviate from those poor conditions (Cardoso Souza, 2003, p. 39). But the name changed to Oportunidades meaning Opportunities that was extended to urban populations by president Fox in the 2001. This program uses the conditional cash transfer concept within Latin America and its design marks a significant shift in social services provision in Mexico today. The guiding principles that the program uses to work are; targeting, intersectorality, empowerment of women and shared responsibility. The program was created for the purpose of increasing the capabilities of families that live in extreme poverty by investing in human capital in Mexico (Attanasio Gomez Heredia Vera-Hernandez, 2005, p. 42). This goal has three main objectives which includes education, health and nutrition. This is because the three component are dependent of each other. For instance, education will enhance technological development in the health and food production sectors to handle diseases and agricultural areas respectively, while education can not continue and progress within the environment that is infested by diseases and poor health as a result of malnutrition. Both components, if they are not balanced, can result to poor productivity in the economy and society. In this connection, the following section shall look at these three components Educational component The payments that concerns educational expenses are made to families with children under the age of 18 who are enrolled in school between the first year of primary education and the third year of secondary school. But in order to create and initiate incentive for families to invest in human capital, payments are conditional to children attending school. In addition, if a child has a non-attendance rate of over 15 percent in one academic month without a valid reason, the family does not receive the assistance that concerns education. By doing so, the government ensures that great emphasis is laid to education and eliminates unnecessary laxity in the implementation process, by involving parent to monitor their children and educationalists to keep updated record which the government uses to allocate payments to parents hence, each stakeholder participates in the process (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 272) . The amount of money that is transferred are set basing on the additional income the children would be fetching to the family if the child would be working and not attending to school. The payment rises with an increase in the age of a child. However, this is schemed higher for girls at secondary level (ECLAC, 2002, p. 71) . This is to encourage a girl child education like many parts of the world today do. In addition to regulation of the payment, the pay is designed to be inflation concious that prevents falling of value. In general, the grant is dependant on the enrolment and school attendance. While, the grant covers both direct costs required like school fees, school supplies, transportation and the opportunity costs as a result of attending school in Mexico (Davis, 2003, p. 30). Health component In relation to the health component Oportunidades program invokes the provision of primary health care to all members of the family, this to cultivate an enabling environment for the leaner to able attended to well. The health services are provided at clinics, dispensaries and health centrers which are operated and run by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Social Security Institute) and the Secretariat of Health (Davis, 2003, p. 128). These grants are targeted to newborn children of about 2-3 years of age (ECLAC, 2002, p. 129), hich may continue up to the time the children enrols in primary school level. In addition to the that, pregnant and lactating women are included in the program. This component consists of a cash transfer aimed at health care, nutrition education and food consumption that benefits mothers and children. The transfer is on the basis of compliance by participating household members with a pre-determined number of health centre visits and health and nutrition workshops which are attended, this ensures a full participation in the process and community unity (Gertle, 2000, p. 61). The children’s health care visits are linked to growth monitoring and vaccination protocols that needs to be observed by mothers. This ensures that, the health standards are maintained by citizen which forms a healthy nation. In addition to that, Health Care visits for pregnant and lactating women ensures appropriate prenatal, childbirth and puerperal care (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 76) through attending clinical check-ups once or twice per year in Mexico. This health component ensures that the societys well being is taken into account therefore, this will translate to good education involvement and participatory. Therefore health component indirectly or directly promotes and support education. Nutrition component The grant provided is directed towards providing money to improve food consumption and availability, especially to children below age of 4 months to 2 years (Gertle, 2000, p. 232), weaned babies and breastfeeding mothers. This package is inclusive of children aged above the age of 2 years to 5 years who are at risk of malnutrition or those who are poorly nourished (ECLAC, 2002, p. 223) in the society. The condition to continue and get the grants is based upon ability to visit the health clinics regularly, in this way, the population continues to be updated on the health prevention and cure methods while the government gets the required statistics that are vital for planning and fighting infections to its citizens. It should be noted that the nutrition and health voucher as equivalent to the value of the time invested by the mother during the trip and waiting at the health centre to to get health services (Calde Coady, 2004, p. 267). For instance, the statistics indicate that health grant per beneficiary per month was set at the same level as the education transfer of about US$9, which is twice the monthly expenditure per person on health care and medicine costs.